Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle.

Assessment of the global budget of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide ([Formula: see text]O) is limited by poor knowledge of the oceanic [Formula: see text]O flux to the atmosphere, of which the magnitude, spatial distribution, and temporal variability remain highly uncertain. Here, we reconstruct climatological [Formula: see text]O emissions from the ocean by training a supervised learning algorithm with over 158,000 [Formula: see text]O measurements from the surface ocean-the largest synthesis to date. The reconstruction captures observed latitudinal gradients and coastal hot spots of [Formula: see text]O flux and reveals a vigorous global seasonal cycle.

Single cell genomic and transcriptomic evidence for the use of alternative nitrogen substrates by anammox bacteria.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) contributes substantially to ocean nitrogen loss, particularly in anoxic marine zones (AMZs). Ammonium is scarce in AMZs, raising the hypothesis that organic nitrogen compounds may be ammonium sources for anammox. Biochemical measurements suggest that the organic compounds urea and cyanate can support anammox in AMZs.

NC10 bacteria in marine oxygen minimum zones.

Bacteria of the NC10 phylum link anaerobic methane oxidation to nitrite denitrification through a unique O2-producing intra-aerobic methanotrophy pathway. A niche for NC10 in the pelagic ocean has not been confirmed. We show that NC10 bacteria are present and transcriptionally active in oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) off northern Mexico and Costa Rica.

Comparison of foot-to-foot and hand-to-foot bioelectrical impedance methods in a population with a wide range of body mass indices.

Background: Several techniques are currently used for measurement of body composition. Bioelectrical impedance assessment (BIA) is a simple, noninvasive method of assessing body composition. We aimed to compare multifrequency hand-to-foot (HF-BIA) and foot-to-foot (FF-BIA) bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques to assess fat-free mass (FFM) in a population with a wide range of body mass indices (BMI).

Plasma nonesterified Fatty Acid intolerance and hyperglycemia are associated with intravenous lipid-induced impairment of insulin sensitivity and disposition index.

Context: It is currently unclear why susceptibility to lipid-induced impairment of beta-cell function varies in different populations.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether mild hyperglycemia may be associated with nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) intolerance and increased iv lipid-induced lipotoxic effect on the beta-cell.

Design And Setting: The study consisted of an experimental design with control group conducted at an academic clinical research center.

Mechanism of insulin-stimulated clearance of plasma nonesterified fatty acids in humans.

Insulin increases plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) clearance in humans, but whether this is independent of change in plasma NEFA appearance is currently unknown. Nine nondiabetic men (age: 28+/-3 yr, body mass index: 27.2+/-1.