The plastome of Arctic (Fabaceae) is significantly different from that of and other related species.

Anatomical and physiological specializations for plant adaptation to harsh climates result from molecular mechanisms that can be encoded in the nucleus or organelle. In this study, the complete plastomes of an arctic species, Bunge (Fabaceae), and a closely related temperate species, Douglas ex Hook., were assembled, annotated, and analyzed to identify differences that might help explain their adaptation to different environments.

Development and characterization of 14 microsatellites for the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus.

The number of microsatellite markers currently available for the eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus provides limited capacity to achieve sufficient pedigree building for the study of their genetic structure and relatedness patterns. We developed microsatellite loci for the eastern chipmunk, a small rodent commonly found in eastern North America. More specifically, we report data for 14 loci and 50 individuals genotyped from a population in southern Québec, Canada.

Ecology in the age of DNA barcoding: the resource, the promise and the challenges ahead.

Ten years after DNA barcoding was initially suggested as a tool to identify species, millions of barcode sequences from more than 1100 species are available in public databases. While several studies have reviewed the methods and potential applications of DNA barcoding, most have focused on species identification and discovery, and relatively few have addressed applications of DNA barcoding data to ecology. These data, and the associated information on the evolutionary histories of taxa that they can provide, offer great opportunities for ecologists to investigate questions that were previously difficult or impossible to address.

The Y-segment of novel cold dehydrin genes is conserved and codons in the PR-10 genes are under positive selection in Oxytropis (Fabaceae) from contrasting climates.

While the arctic flora is particularly threatened by climate changes, the molecular aspects allowing colonization of this harsh environment remain largely enigmatic. Genes with a likely functional or evolutive role for arctic Oxytropis (Fabaceae) were previously discovered given a sharp differential expression between arctic and temperate species, but the evolutionary forces in action were unknown within the respective species. Here, we analyze gene duplication patterns and positive and negative selection between genes from species of contrasting environments, which can reveal potential gene functions.

PR-10, defensin and cold dehydrin genes are among those over expressed in Oxytropis (Fabaceae) species adapted to the arctic.

In many studied plants, typical responses to cold treatment include up-regulating the hydrophilic COR/LEA genes and down-regulating photosynthesis-related genes, carbohydrate metabolism, GDSL-motif lipase, hormone metabolism and oxidative regulation genes. However, next to nothing is known about gene expression in arctic plants, which are actually adapted to a harsh, cold environment. The molecular mechanisms behind the many specific adaptations of arctic plants, such as slow growth, well-developed root systems and short stature, are not well understood.