Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness stratified by national-level characteristics: an introduction to the 24-country MNSSTER-V Project, 2007-2023.

Background: Rotavirus vaccines are moderately protective against illness in high mortality settings compared with low mortality settings. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) evaluations may clarify our understanding of these disparities, but estimates among key subpopulations and against rare outcomes are not available in many analyses due to sample size. We combined 25 datasets from test-negative design case-control evaluations in 24 countries that enrolled children with medically-attended diarrhea, laboratory-confirmed rotavirus stool testing, and documented vaccination status.

Monovalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness and long-term impact among children <5 years old in Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2010-2022.

Background: Monovalent rotavirus vaccine substantially reduced rotavirus disease burden after introduction (May 2014) in Madagascar. We examined the effectiveness and long-term impact on acute watery diarrhea and rotavirus-related hospitalizations among children <5 years old at two hospitals in Antananarivo, Madagascar (2010-2022).

Methods: We used a test-negative case-control design to estimate monovalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed rotavirus hospitalizations among children age 6-23 months with documented vaccination status adjusted for year of symptom onset, rotavirus season, age group, nutritional status, and clinical severity.

Decline in Vaccine-Type Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Following Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Madagascar.

Background: The 10-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced into the Extended Program on Immunization in Madagascar. We assessed the impact of PCV10 on the targeted pneumococcal serotypes among children < 5 years of age at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Tsaralalàna.

Method: Between 2012 and December 2018, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected and tested for S.

Diarrhea hospitalization costs among children <5 years old in Madagascar.

Background: Following a recommendation by the World Health Organization, Madagascar introduced rotavirus vaccine in 2014. Though national rotavirus vaccine coverage has remained <80%, rotavirus hospitalizations declined by 78%. Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, has provided financial support for rotavirus vaccine, however the Malagasy government has increasing responsibility for the financial cost.

Impact of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Bacterial Meningitis in Madagascar.

Background: The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Madagascar in 2012. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of PCV10 on bacterial meningitis in hospitalized children <5 years of age.

Methods: During 2010-2017, data from the hospital admission logbook were recorded for bacterial meningitis and pneumonia hospitalizations in children <5 years of age.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Chryseobacterium indologenes Strain Isolated from a Blood Culture of a Hospitalized Child in Antananarivo, Madagascar.

We report here the draft genome sequence of a strain, isolated from a blood culture of a 2.2-year-old child admitted to the hospital for vomiting and coughing. The genome was composed of 5,063,674 bp and had 37.

Analysis of Death and Survival Factors Associated with Childhood Bacterial Meningitis at a Reference Pediatric Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar.

Background: Bacterial meningitis (BM) remains a global public health problem and most cases and deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa and especially in children less than five years old, due to a variety of factors. This study was conducted to determine the principal factors associated with death and survival of children due to BM in a typical African tertiary health facility.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study of children hospitalized for BM was conducted in the University Hospital of Tsaralalàna (CHUMET).

Epidemiology of Early-onset Bacterial Neonatal Infections in Madagascar.

Background: Little is known about early-onset neonatal bacterial infections (EONBI) in Madagascar. Our aim was to determine their epidemiology to improve their management.

Methods: Inborn neonates at risk for EONBI and admitted in the neonatal unit of 2 tertiary hospitals in Antananarivo, Madagascar, were included in a prospective study from April 2012 to March 2013.