Real-world multicentre cohort study on choices and effectiveness of immunotherapies in NMOSD and MOGAD.

Background: Recurrent attacks in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) can lead to severe disability. We aimed to analyse the real-world use of immunotherapies in patients with NMOSD and MOGAD, focusing on changes in treatment strategies, effects on attack rates (ARR) and risk factors for attacks.

Methods: This longitudinal registry-based cohort study included 493 patients (320 with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) seropositive NMOSD (65%), 44 with AQP4-IgG seronegative NMOSD (9%) and 129 MOGAD (26%)) with 1247 treatments from 19 German and one Austrian centre from the registry of the neuromyelitis optica study group (NEMOS).

Visual quality of life in NMOSD and MOGAD: profiles, dynamics and associations with ageing and vision.

Objective: In this multicentric study, we were interested in the vision-related quality of life and its association with visual impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in comparison to multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls.

Methods: We analysed extracted data from the German NEMOS registry including National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) scores, high and low contrast visual acuity (HCVA, LCVA), visually evoked potentials (VEP) and the scores for the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and other neurological tests which assessed their disease-related impairment. The mean follow-up time of our patients was 1.

Apheresis therapies in MOGAD: a retrospective study of 117 therapeutic interventions in 571 attacks.

Background: Incomplete attack remission is the main cause of disability in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Apheresis therapies such as plasma exchange and immunoadsorption are widely used in neuroimmunology. Data on apheresis outcomes in MOGAD attacks remain limited.

Cognition in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study of 113 patients (CogniMOG-Study).

Background: Data on cognition in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are limited to studies with small sample sizes. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the extent, characteristics and the longitudinal course of potential cognitive deficits in patients with MOGAD.

Methods: The CogniMOG-Study is a prospective, longitudinal and multicentre observational study of 113 patients with MOGAD.

Discovery of YAP1/TAZ pathway inhibitors through phenotypic screening with potent anti-tumor activity via blockade of Rho-GTPase signaling.

This study describes the identification and target deconvolution of small molecule inhibitors of oncogenic Yes-associated protein (YAP1)/TAZ activity with potent anti-tumor activity in vivo. A high-throughput screen (HTS) of 3.8 million compounds was conducted using a cellular YAP1/TAZ reporter assay.

Cognition in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A prospective multicentre study of 217 patients (CogniNMO-Study).

Background: There is limited and inconsistent information on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).

Objective: To assess cognitive performance and changes over time in NMOSD.

Methods: This study included data from 217 aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive (80%) and double-seronegative NMOSD patients.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients With NMO Spectrum Disorders and MOG-Antibody-Associated Diseases: COPANMO(G)-Study.

Background And Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the life of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases (MOGAD).

Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included data of 187 patients recruited from 19 different German and Austrian Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) centers between July 2021 and March 2022. The effects of the pandemic on immunotherapeutic treatment and access to care, the possible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the potential effect of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on disease incidence and relapse risk were assessed using a patient questionnaire.

Safety and activity of anti-mesothelin antibody-drug conjugate anetumab ravtansine in combination with pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: multicenter, phase Ib dose escalation and expansion study.

Objectives: Anetumab ravtansine is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a fully human anti-mesothelin monoclonal antibody conjugated to cytotoxic maytansinoid tubulin inhibitor DM4. Mesothelin is highly expressed in ovarian cancer. This phase Ib study determines the safety, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity of anetumab ravtansine and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in mesothelin-expressing platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With NMO Spectrum Disorders and MOG-Antibody-Associated Disease: CHANCE Study.

Background And Objectives: To evaluate costs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).

Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, data on consumption of medical and nonmedical resources and work ability were assessed via patient questionnaires. Costs were analyzed in Euros for 2018 from the societal perspective.

Prognosis of patients with malignant mesothelioma by expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and mesothelin in a contemporary cohort in Finland.

Objectives: We aimed to describe mesothelin (MSLN) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumour overexpression amongst patients with malignant mesothelioma (MM), and their associations with survival, amongst a cohort of patients with MM in Finland.

Methods: Between 2004 and 2017, 91 adults with histologically confirmed MM were identified from the Auria Biobank in Finland and followed-up using linked data from electronic health records and national statistics. Biomarker content in tumour cell membranes was determined using automated Immunohistochemistry on histological sections.

First-in-Human, Multicenter, Phase I Dose-Escalation and Expansion Study of Anti-Mesothelin Antibody-Drug Conjugate Anetumab Ravtansine in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors.

Purpose: This phase I study, which to our knowledge is the first-in-human study of this kind, investigates the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity of anetumab ravtansine, an antibody-drug conjugate of anti-mesothelin antibody linked to maytansinoid DM4, in patients with advanced, metastatic, or recurrent solid tumors known to express the tumor-differentiation antigen mesothelin.

Patients And Methods: This phase I, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study of anetumab ravtansine enrolled 148 adult patients with multiple solid tumor types. Ten dose-escalation cohorts of patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors (0.

First-in-human phase I study of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif inhibitor BAY 1238097: emerging pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship and early termination due to unexpected toxicity.

Background: Bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) protein inhibition is a promising cancer treatment strategy, notably for targeting MYC- or BRD4-driven diseases. A first-in-human study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics, maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase II dose of the BET inhibitor BAY 1238097 in patients with advanced malignancies.

Material And Methods: In this phase I, open-label, non-randomised, multicentre study, patients with cytologically or histologically confirmed advanced refractory malignancies received oral BAY 1238097 twice weekly in 21-day cycles using an adaptive dose-escalation design at a starting dose of 10 mg/week.

A Comprehensive Patient-Derived Xenograft Collection Representing the Heterogeneity of Melanoma.

Therapy of advanced melanoma is changing dramatically. Following mutational and biological subclassification of this heterogeneous cancer, several targeted and immune therapies were approved and increased survival significantly. To facilitate further advancements through pre-clinical in vivo modeling, we have established 459 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and live tissue samples from 384 patients representing the full spectrum of clinical, therapeutic, mutational, and biological heterogeneity of melanoma.

Phase I dose-escalation studies of roniciclib, a pan-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in advanced malignancies.

Background: To evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and maximum tolerated dose of roniciclib in patients with advanced malignancies, with dose expansion to evaluate clinical benefit at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D).

Methods: Two phase I dose-escalation studies evaluated two roniciclib dosing schedules: 3 days on/4 days off or 4 weeks on/2 weeks off. The expansion phase included patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), ovarian cancer, or tumour mutations involving the CDK signalling pathway.

In vitro and in vivo characterization of irreversible mutant-selective EGFR inhibitors that are wild-type sparing.

Patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with activating mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) initially respond well to the EGFR inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib. However, all patients relapse because of the emergence of drug-resistant mutations, with T790M mutations accounting for approximately 60% of all resistance. Second-generation irreversible EGFR inhibitors are effective against T790M mutations in vitro, but retain affinity for wild-type EGFR (EGFR(WT)).

Discovery of a mutant-selective covalent inhibitor of EGFR that overcomes T790M-mediated resistance in NSCLC.

Unlabelled: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating EGF receptor (EGFR) mutations initially respond to first-generation reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, clinical efficacy is limited by acquired resistance, frequently driven by the EGFR(T790M) mutation. CO-1686 is a novel, irreversible, and orally delivered kinase inhibitor that specifically targets the mutant forms of EGFR, including T790M, while exhibiting minimal activity toward the wild-type (WT) receptor.

Visualizing the surface of a living human brain.

A proposed method visualizes the surface appearance of living human brain tissue. The goal is to investigate whether realistic models of living anatomy are possible and, if so, whether they provide added value to anatomy education and training simulators. From calibrated photography of exposed brain tissue and suitable alternatives, experiments provided data for a bidirectional reflectance distribution function, which was then used for rendering.

3D Pharmacophore Model-Assisted Discovery of Novel CDC7 Inhibitors.

A ligand-based 3D pharmacophore model for serine/threonine kinase CDC7 inhibition was created and successfully applied in the discovery of novel 2-(heteroaryl)-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-ones. The pharmacophore model provided a hypothesis for lead generation missed by docking to a homology model. Medicinal chemistry exploration of the series revealed clear structure-activity relationships consistent with the pharmacophore model and pointed to further optimization opportunities.

Realistic visualization of living brain tissue.

This paper presents an advanced method of visualizing the surface appearance of living brain tissue. We have been granted access to the operating theatre during neurosurgical procedures to obtain colour data via calibrated photography of exposed brain tissue. The specular reflectivity of the brain's surface is approximated by analyzing a gelatine layer applied to animal flesh.

Simultaneous examination of tear film break-up and the lipid layer of the human eye: a novel sensor design (Part 1).

This article presents a non-invasive sensor setup for objective analysis of the pre-corneal human tear-film involving a time-resolved videokeratoscopy and simultaneous imaging of the lipid layer of the tear-film by a second CMOS-camera. This paper describes in detail the mechanical and optical design of the sensor setup, the realization of the entire illumination component with an integrated Placido grid projection, and the calculation of the image formation using the Placido grid. This concept is demonstrated here with a test subject in the full inter-blink period.

The discovery of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines as inhibitors of the kinesin Eg5.

A series of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines were identified by HTS as inhibitors of the kinesin Eg5. Molecular modeling and medicinal chemistry techniques were employed to explore the SAR for this series with a focus of removing potential metabolic liabilities and improving cellular potency.

Objective approach for measuring changes in color discrimination caused by transparent colored filter media.

A novel measurement setup for determining the change in color perception due to laser protection filters is described. The developed system overcomes color space limitations common to thin-film transistor displays by using a LED illumination system, creating a large gamut covering a wide range of human color perception, and allowing adjustment of the respective spectra. An objective color matching method is used that is based on the work of MacAdam [J.