Can bone mineral density loss in the non-weight bearing distal forearm predict mortality?

Purpose: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with increased risk of fractures and mortality. We investigated if rate of BMD loss in the distal forearm over seven years predicted mortality.

Methods: 1725 postmenopausal women and 1879 men aged 50-74 who participated in the longitudinal Tromsø Study waves 4 (1994-95) and 5 (2001-2002) were included.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is effective in strengthening the quadriceps muscle after anterior cruciate ligament surgery.

Purpose: Reduced ability to contract the quadriceps muscles is often found immediately following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. This can lead to muscle atrophy and decreased function. Application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be a useful adjunct intervention to ameliorate these deficits following ACL surgery.