[Evidence for Psychodynamic Therapy for Children and Adolescents].

In Germany, cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and systemic therapy are scientifically and legally approved as suitable procedures for treating mental disorders. While all methods have provided empirical evidence of their effectiveness in adults according to defined criteria of the "Scientific Advisory Board for Psychotherapy" (in German: "Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Psychotherapie"), i. e.

[Inpatient Psychodynamic Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Complex ADHD: Results of a Naturalistic Clinical Trial].

The Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental disorder in childhood and adolescence. However, it is a very heterogeneous disorder with subgroups of patients with mild symptoms and others with severe and complex impairments. Patients suffering from complex ADHD are usually characterized by multiple developmental disorders and impaired personality development.

[Changes in OPD-CA Axis Structure During Inpatient Psychodynamic Treatment of Adolescents Suffering from Comorbid Disorders of Conduct and Emotions].

In a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) we evaluated an inpatient psychodynamic treatment for adolescents suffering from mixed disorders of conduct and emotions. The sample consisted of severely impaired adolescents with remarkable deficits regarding psychic structure. The current study wanted to examine if the manualized treatment did not only reduce symptoms but also enhance the structural level of the patients.

IDENTITY FORMATION DIFFICULTIES IN IMMIGRANT ADOLESCENTS: THREE CASES FROM GERMANY.

Adolescence is a period of instability caused by biological changes and restructuring of the personality. An immigration background renders the process of identity formation even more difficult or fragile, with an additional burden coming from persecution and harassment. Three case studies of mentally disturbed adolescents with different immigration backgrounds illustrate the problems in diagnosis and psychotherapy.

Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder: Psychodynamic Therapy in Adolescents.

Objectives: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) should be understood as a disorder of development (Streeck-Fischer 2008, 2013) that has its first manifestation in late childhood and adolescence. There are only few treatment studies of adolescents meeting the diagnostic criteria of borderline personality disorder, although early interventions for these patients are urgently needed (see Chanen & McCutcheon 2013). We examined the effectiveness of an inpatient psychodynamic therapy (PDT).

Academic model of trauma healing in post-war societies.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine the implications for healing in a contemporary Balkan post-war context, and to provide a bridge-building model of trauma transformation, reconciliation and recovery through academic reconstruction and cross-border dialogue. Post-war societies are marked by the effects of massive, large group traumatization, and if not properly dealt with, long-term rehabilitation and social recovery cannot be expected. Unprocessed cumulative trauma that has become deeply embedded in the collective memory of the Balkan peoples over centuries, "chosen trauma", its trans-generational transmission and periodical reactivations across the Balkan have often been addressed in recent literature, in ethno-psychology, psychoanalysis, psychiatry, sociology and anthropology.

[Developmental trauma--differences between the course of inpatient treatment in adolescent patients with or without trauma history].

Summary Objective: Aim of the study was to examine differences between the course of inpatient treatment in adolescents with different extents of trauma history.

Methods: Using multilevel analysis, we investigated the differences between the course of inpatient treatment in adolescents without trauma history, with emotional trauma and complex trauma.

Results: Regarding the GSI of the SCL-90-R, patients with trauma history showed significantly more symptom reduction than patients without trauma history.

[Inter-rater reliability and construct validity of the OPD-CA axis structure: first study results regarding the integration of OPD-CA into clinical practice].

The axis structure of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics in childhood and adolescence (OPD-CA) has proven to be a reliable and valid diagnostic tool under research conditions. However, corresponding data regarding the integration of OPD-CA axis structure into clinical practice is still lacking. Hence, this aspect was examined as part of a randomized controlled clinical trial realized at Asklepios Fachklinikum Tiefenbrunn.

[Containing, right hemisphere: projective identification as an interpersonal mechanism, the ability for affect regulation].

The capacity of affect regulation develops with priority in reciprocal, non-verbal communication processes between the early caregiver and the baby. In this process, the projective identification plays the role of crucial means of communication. Processes of projective identification which emerge in therapeutic and educational interactions can be understood as such an early form of communication which contributes to the afterward-ripening of the capacity of affect regulation.

[Psychoanalytic-interactional psychotherapy of severely disturbed adolescents].

Due to specific developmental conditions of adolescence like deficient self reflective capacities or reduced potential to articulate, the psychotherapy of adolescents is faced with special problems. In adolescents with severe Ego-structural disorders like Borderline (Development) Disorders these problems are increased exponentially. Patients replicate their negative and often traumatic relational experiences in everyday life as well as in therapy.

[Effects of traumatic stress].

The diagnosis PTSD does not adequately describe the impact of exposure to childhood trauma of the developing child. The objective of the study was to examine the prevalence of different interpersonal trauma types and to describe the long-term effects of maltreatment and neglect in a clinical sample of 34 adolescents. The majority (62%) of the sample was exposed to two different types of trauma during childhood.

[The borderline personality (development) disorder during adolescence. Psychological assessment, treatment prerequisites, framework design, treatment phases].

Following a critical discussion on the term Borderline Personality Disorder during adolescence, assessment criteria are compiled that illustrate this disorder. In an overview of the psychodynamic literature it is clearly stated that already in the 1960s Borderline Disorders were described in childhood and adolescence without any development of valid criteria for these since then. Except for numerous case studies of these Borderline Disorders, there has been no research undertaken within psychodynamic psychotherapy on this disorder during childhood and adolescence to date.

[The relationship between the experience and success of inpatient psychotherapy treatment among children and adolescents].

Objective: Examined here is the degree to which particular aspects of treatment experience in the inpatient psychotherapy of children and adolescents correlate significantly with the actual success of treatment.

Methodology: Data of 95 patients hospitalised between 2002 and 2006 in the Department of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychotherapy at the NLKH Tiefenbrunn were analysed. To assess the relationships multiple regression analyses were carried out, whereby the dependent variable was on the one hand, the retrospective estimate of treatment success by the patients by means of the Questionnaire to Assess Treatment (Fragebögen zur Beurteilung der Behandlung/FBB), and on the other, the difference on the General-Severity-Index (GSI) of the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R) between the time of admission and release from hospital.

["Better to be restless than locked up in a deep hole!" Understanding and therapy of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder from a psychodynamic viewpoint].

Psychodynamic models will be presented after a critical discussion of the biomedical-psychiatric model of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (dimensional diagnostics, genetic disorder, dopamine deficiency, neuronal developmental disorder). Research findings on early mother-child interactions refer to specific psychosocial developmental conditions amongst children who develop ADHD. Factors which lead to gene expression can be traced here.

['Trauma und entwicklung' folgen von traumatisierung in kindheit und jugend.].

Cumulative and complex traumatization during development are often the result of chronic abuse such as neglect, violence and/or sexual abuse. Chronic abuse leads to manifold disorders which may be accompanied by a chronic posttraumatic stress reaction as well as developmental disorders. Destructive behavior is one of the results.

["Beware of coming too close to me"--development-oriented psychotherapy of a dangerous aggressive boy with early complex trauma experiences].

Early maltreatment of children can lead to severe disorders in the regulation of behaviour and affect, alterations in awareness and distorted perception. In development-oriented psychotherapy, therapeutic interventions which are directed to regulating processes, decentration or mentalization, desomatization and symbolization of enacted messages play a central role. The results of early traumatization and of therapeutic interventions are portrayed, examining the multi-dimensional diagnosis and therapy of a dangerously aggressive 12-year-old boy as an example.