Impact of ureteral stent diameter on symptoms and tolerability.

Background And Purpose: Indwelling double-pigtail ureteral stents are frequently associated with debilitating symptoms. A randomized study was performed to evaluate the effect of stent diameter (4.7F v.

Testicular torsion: direction, degree, duration and disinformation.

Purpose: We reviewed and contrast with the literature the cumulative clinical experience at our pediatric urological division in the last 20 years with managing testicular torsion, focusing specifically on the direction and degree of testicular torsion and the duration of symptoms before presentation. We also addressed the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, role of manual detorsion, residual torsion and incidence of atrophy.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 200 consecutive males 18 months to 20 years old who underwent surgical exploration by a pediatric urologist for a diagnosis of testicular torsion between 1980 and 2000.

Continuous bladder infusion methods for studying voiding function in the ambulatory mouse.

Objectives: To develop a method for chronic cannulation of the mouse bladder that would enable repeated intravesical drug delivery and measurement of voiding patterns in unrestrained mice under controlled infusion conditions.

Methods: Fifteen female mice were anesthetized with halothane and implanted with a 3F polyurethane bladder catheter. The catheter exited from the back through mesh and a polysulfone button into a spring coil that protected the catheter and tethered the mouse.

Timing hormonal therapy in prostate cancer.

The history of the use of hormonal therapy to treat prostrate cancer is outlined, focusing on such treatments and disease scenarios as diethylstilboestrol therapy, androgen ablation alone or in conjunction with radiation, and the treatment of minimal disease burdens. Studies have pointed to the benefits of initiating androgen ablation therapy earlier in the treatment of prostate cancer; the greatest benefits of anti-androgen therapy may be gained when only tiny amounts of prostate cancer are present.