Preconsultation exchange for ambulatory hepatology consultations.

Background: Preconsultation exchange is an emerging model of specialty care proposed by the American College of Physicians that seeks to answer a clinical question without a formal patient visit to the specialty clinic. This form of specialty care has been little studied. We sought to determine the appropriateness of preconsultation exchange for ambulatory hepatology consultations within our urban health care system.

Adverse events in older patients undergoing colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Studies suggest that advancing age is an independent risk factor for experiencing adverse events during colonoscopy. Yet many of these studies are limited by small sample sizes and/or marked variation in reported outcomes.

Objective: To determine the incidence rates for specific adverse events in elderly patients undergoing colonoscopy and calculate incidence rate ratios for selected comparison groups.

Prevention and treatment of breast cancer by suppressing aromatase activity and expression.

Estrogen promotes the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Aromatase is the enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen. In tumors, expression of aromatase is upregulated compared to that of surrounding noncancerous tissue.