Teaching at the Convergence of Pandemics and Historically Excluded Patient Populations: The Challenges, and Importance, of Culturally Responsive Communication.

Historically excluded patient populations-particularly racial, ethnic, and sexually and gender minoritized people-experience gross inequities in health, worsened by the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics. Culturally responsive communication (CRC) is a vital tool health professionals can use to address these inequities. Yet, CRC can be challenging to , particularly during pandemics.

A longitudinal study of naloxone opioid overdose awareness and reversal training for first-year medical students: specific elements require reinforcement.

Background: The opioid epidemic is a progressively worsening public health crisis that continues to impact healthcare system strategies such as overdose reversal and destigmatization. Even among healthcare professionals, there remains a lack of confidence in naloxone administration and a prevalence of stigma. While training can play a major impact in reducing these shortcomings, the long-term effectiveness has yet to be characterized in training healthcare professionals.

A Comparative Analysis of Online Versus in-Person Opioid Overdose Awareness and Reversal Training for First-Year Medical Students.

Physicians trained in opioid use disorder (OUD) harm reduction can mitigate opioid overdose deaths by prescribing naloxone and educating patients about its use. Unfortunately, many physicians possess OUD stigma. Training during medical school presents an opportunity to reduce OUD stigma and improve opioid overdose reversal knowledge.

Integrating HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis With Community-Based Syringe Services for Women Who Inject Drugs: Results From the Project SHE Demonstration Study.

Introduction: To guide future preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation for women who inject drugs (WWID), a population increasingly represented in new HIV cases in the United States, we present results from a demonstration project integrated within a syringe services program (SSP) in Philadelphia, PA.

Methods: WWID ≥18 years were educated about and offered 24 weeks of daily PrEP. Participants completed surveys and clinical assessments at baseline and at weeks 1, 3, 12, and 24.

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on type 2 diabetes mellitus and glucose metabolism.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition that is associated with significant comorbidities, including obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment for OSA. The effect of CPAP on glucose metabolism in patients with OSA has been controversial.

Transient ischemic attack: Part II. Risk factor modification and treatment.

Interventions following a transient ischemic attack are aimed at preventing a future episode or stroke. Hypertension, current smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia are all well-known risk factors, and controlling these factors can have dramatic effects on transient ischemic attack and stroke risk. For patients presenting within 48 hours of resolution of transient ischemic attack symptoms, advantages of hospital admission include rapid diagnostic evaluation and early intervention to reduce the risk of stroke.

Transient ischemic attack: Part I. Diagnosis and evaluation.

Transient ischemic attack is defined as transient neurologic symptoms without evidence of acute infarction. It is a common and important risk factor for future stroke, but is greatly underreported. Common symptoms are sudden and transient, and include unilateral paresis, speech disturbance, and monocular blindness.