Longitudinal Follow-Up of Children Born Preterm: Neurodevelopment From 2 to 10 Years of Age.

To investigate the rate and stability of impairments in children born preterm by assessing (1) early and school-age outcome in four developmental domains and (2) individual changes in outcome at both timepoints. Prospective, longitudinal cohort study in children born in 2006-2007, <32 weeks' gestation. Follow-up at 2 and 10 years of age included standardized neurological, motor, cognitive and behavioral assessments.

Combining advanced MRI and EEG techniques better explains long-term motor outcome after very preterm birth.

Background: Preterm born children are at high risk for adverse motor neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between motor outcome and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) measures.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study of 64 very preterm born children, the motor outcome was assessed at 9.

Associations between Neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Short- and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in a Longitudinal Cohort of Very Preterm Children.

Objective: To assess associations between neonatal brain injury assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes at 2 and 10 years of age, in a longitudinal cohort of children born very preterm.

Study Design: There were 112 children born at <32 weeks of gestation who participated in a longitudinal prospective study on brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcome. Using the Kidokoro score, neonatal brain injury and altered brain growth in white matter, cortical and deep gray matter, and the cerebellum were assessed.

The degree of prematurity affects functional brain activity in preterm born children at school-age: An EEG study.

Prematurely born children are at higher risk for long-term adverse motor and cognitive outcomes. The aim of this paper was to compare quantitative measures derived from electroencephalography (EEG) between extremely (EP) and very prematurely (VP) born children at 9-10 years of age. Fifty-five children born <32 weeks' of gestation underwent EEG at 9-10 years of age and were assessed for motor development and cognitive outcome.

Brain activity and connectivity changes in response to nutritive natural sugars, non-nutritive natural sugar replacements and artificial sweeteners.

Introduction: The brain plays an important regulatory role in directing energy homeostasis and eating behavior. The increased ingestion of sugars and sweeteners over the last decades makes investigating the effects of these substances on the regulatory function of the brain of particular interest. We investigated whole brain functional response to the ingestion of nutrient shakes sweetened with either the nutritive natural sugars glucose and fructose, the low- nutritive natural sugar replacement allulose or the non-nutritive artificial sweetener sucralose.

Subjective Cognitive Decline Is Associated with Greater White Matter Hyperintensity Volume.

Background: Research in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has mainly focused on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related MRI markers, such as hippocampal volume. However, small vessel disease (SVD) is currently established as serious comorbidity in dementia and its preliminary stages. It is therefore important to examine SVD markers in addition to AD markers in older adults presenting with SCD.

The effect of consumption temperature on the homeostatic and hedonic responses to glucose ingestion in the hypothalamus and the reward system.

Background: Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been associated with obesity and related diseases. SSBs are often consumed cold, and both the energy content and temperature might influence the consumption behavior for SSBs.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to elucidate whether consumption temperature and energy (i.

Grey matter volume loss is associated with specific clinical motor signs in Huntington's disease.

Background: Motor disturbances are clinical hallmarks of Huntington's disease (HD) and involve chorea, dystonia, hypokinesia and visuomotor dysfunction. Investigating the association between specific motor signs and different regional volumes is important to understand the heterogeneity of HD.

Objective: To investigate the motor phenotype of HD and associations with subcortical and cortical grey matter volume loss.

A Longitudinal Study on Resting State Functional Connectivity in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background/objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are the most common types of early-onset dementia. We applied longitudinal resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to delineate functional brain connections relevant for disease progression and diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: We used two-center resting state fMRI data of 20 AD patients (65.

Differences in structural covariance brain networks between behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Disease-specific patterns of gray matter atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) overlap with distinct structural covariance networks (SCNs) in cognitively healthy controls. This suggests that both types of dementia target specific structural networks. Here, we study SCNs in AD and bvFTD.

Visceral adipose tissue is associated with microstructural brain tissue damage.

Objective: Obesity has been associated with microstructural brain tissue damage. Different fat compartments demonstrate different metabolic and endocrine behaviors. The aim was to investigate the individual associations between abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and microstructural integrity in the brain.

An in vivo study on brain microstructure in biological and chronological ageing.

This study aimed to investigate whether magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) parameters of cortical gray and white matter and subcortical gray matter structures differ between subjects enriched for human familial longevity and control subjects to provide a thorough description of the brain phenotype of familial longevity. Moreover, we aimed to describe cerebral ageing effects on MTI parameters in an elderly cohort. All subjects were included from the Leiden Longevity Study and underwent 3 Tesla MTI of the brain.

Longitudinal resting state fMRI analysis in healthy controls and premanifest Huntington's disease gene carriers: a three-year follow-up study.

Background: We previously demonstrated that in the premanifest stage of Huntington's disease (preHD), a reduced functional connectivity exists compared to healthy controls. In the current study, we look at possible changes in functional connectivity occurring longitudinally over a period of 3 years, with the aim of assessing the potential usefulness of this technique as a biomarker for disease progression in preHD.

Methods: Twenty-two preHD and 17 healthy control subjects completed resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans in two visits with 3 years in between.

Prognostic value of gradient echo T2* sequences for brain MR imaging in preterm infants.

Background: Gradient echo T2*-W sequences are more sensitive than T2-W spin-echo sequences for detecting hemorrhages in the brain.

Objective: The aim of this study is to correlate presence of hemosiderin deposits in the brain of very preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) detected by T2*-W gradient echo MRI to white matter injury and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years.

Materials And Methods: In 101 preterm infants, presence and location of hemosiderin were assessed on T2*-W gradient echo MRI performed around term-equivalent age (range: 40-60 weeks).

Preserved white matter integrity is a marker of familial longevity.

Objective: Brain tissue integrity is highly heritable, and its decline is a common phenomenon of ageing. This study aimed to determine whether the phenotype of familial longevity is marked by a relative preservation of brain tissue microstructure.

Methods: Participants were enrolled in the Leiden Longevity Study.

Small cerebellar hemorrhage in preterm infants: perinatal and postnatal factors and outcome.

The objective of the study is to determine perinatal and postnatal factors that may affect the occurrence of small cerebellar hemorrhage (CBH) and to evaluate the effect of small CBH on neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants. This prospective study in an unselected cohort of very preterm infants was approved by the medical ethics committee, and informed parental consent was obtained. Presence of small CBH (<4 mm) was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging around term equivalent age in 108 preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation).

Tractography of white-matter tracts in very preterm infants: a 2-year follow-up study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether tractography of white-matter tracts can independently predict neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants.

Method: Out of 84 very preterm infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, 64 (41 males, 23 females; median gestational age 29.1 weeks [range 25.

Clinical implications of MR imaging findings in the white matter in very preterm infants: a 2-year follow-up study.

Purpose: To explore the association between diffuse excessive high signal intensity (DEHSI), punctate white matter (WM) lesions, and ventricular dilatation around term-equivalent age (TEA) and at clinical follow-up at 2 years in very preterm infants and the effect on neurodevelopment.

Materials And Methods: Ethical approval for this prospective study was given by the institutional review board, and informed parental consent was obtained. An unselected cohort of 110 preterm infants (gestational age, < 32 weeks) was imaged around or after TEA.

Tractography of developing white matter of the internal capsule and corpus callosum in very preterm infants.

Objectives: To investigate in preterm infants associations between Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) parameters of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and corpus callosum (CC) and age, white matter (WM) injury and clinical factors.

Methods: In 84 preterm infants DTI was performed between 40-62 weeks postmenstrual age on 3 T MR. Fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and fibre lengths through the PLIC and the genu and splenium were determined.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: diagnostic value of conventional MR imaging pulse sequences in term-born neonates.

Purpose: To retrospectively compare different magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques and pulse sequences for the depiction of brain injury in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived informed consent. Term-born neonates underwent MR imaging within 10 days after birth because of perinatal asphyxia.

The healing pattern of osteoid osteomas on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after thermocoagulation.

Objective: To compare the healing pattern of osteoid osteomas on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after successful and unsuccessful thermocoagulation.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-six patients were examined by CT and 18 patients by dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MRI before and after thermocoagulation for osteoid osteoma. Thermocoagulation was successful in 73% (63/86) and unsuccessful in 27% (23/86) of patients followed by CT.

Osteoid osteoma: factors for increased risk of unsuccessful thermal coagulation.

Purpose: To retrospectively identify risk factors that may impede a favorable clinical outcome after thermocoagulation for osteoid osteoma.

Materials And Methods: Informed consent (permission for the procedure and permission to use patient data for analysis) was obtained from all patients who met study criteria, and institutional review board did not require approval. Analysis included age, sex, size and location of osteoid osteoma, presence of calcified nidus, number of needle positions used for coagulation, coagulation time, accuracy of needle position, learning curve of radiologist, and previous treatment in 95 consecutive patients with osteoid osteoma treated with thermocoagulation.

Hepatic metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: relationship between size of metastases, standard of reference, and detection rates.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between the size of hepatic metastases, the standard of reference, and the reported detection rate in patients with colorectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: With use of a MEDLINE search (January 1994 to January 2001), articles were selected that contained original results on detection of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer, categorized for size in at least two categories, with use of helical computed tomography (CT), helical CT at arterial portography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Results were compared with the size distribution of hepatic metastases in 47 consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma, which were detected by using a combination of intraoperative ultrasonography (US) and palpation.

Embolus location affects the sensitivity of a rapid quantitative D-dimer assay in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

D-dimer blood tests have been suggested to rule out pulmonary embolism. Despite evidence of the safety of withholding anticoagulant treatment in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism and a normal D-dimer assay result, clinicians remain reluctant to use a D-dimer assay as a sole diagnostic test. This prospective study in 314 consecutive inpatients and outpatients investigates the relation between the diagnostic accuracy of D-dimer plasma concentration and pulmonary embolus location.