Josef Klingler's models of white matter tracts: influences on neuroanatomy, neurosurgery, and neuroimaging.

During the 1930s, white matter tracts began to assume relevance for neurosurgery, especially after Cajal's work. In many reviews of white matter neurobiology, the seminal contributions of Josef Klingler (1888-1963) and their neurological applications have been overlooked. In 1934 at the University of Basel under Eugen Ludwig, Klingler developed a new method of dissection based on a freezing technique for brain tissue that eloquently revealed the white matter tracts.

Changes in the oviducal epithelium during the estrous cycle in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica.

The Monodelphis oviduct can be divided into four anatomical segments: preampulla (comprising fimbriae and infundibulum), ampulla, isthmus with crypts and uterotubal junction. Ovaries are enclosed in a periovarial sac, the bursa, and in some specimens tubules of an epoophoron could be identified. In both structures non-ciliated cells develop small translucent vesicles, which accumulate in the cell apices and presumably produce fluid as often seen in the bursa and in the tubules of the epooophoron.

Marsupial hypoblast: formation and differentiation of the bilaminar blastocyst in Sminthopsis macroura.

Hypoblast formation in Sminthopsis macroura starts in blastocysts with a size between 1.0 and 1.4 mm, in which cells appear to be similar to each other, and finishes at the complete 2.

Changes in the epithelium of the vaginal complex during the estrous cycle of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica. 2. Scanning electron microscopy study.

The four stages of the estrous cycle in Monodelphis domestica, namely proestrus, estrus, postestrus and the transitional metestrus, were analyzed with the scanning electron microscope and compared with the results of the previously published transmission electron-microscopic paper [Cells Tissues Organs 2002;172:276-296]. During the estrous cycle the vaginal epithelium undergoes dramatic changes from a nonkeratinized to a highly keratinized epithelium. The predominant feature of proestrus with the beginning of keratinization is the presence of polygonal flat cells with pavement-like appearance, bordered by raised ridges and covered with microvilli.

Precedence of cell-zona adhesion over cell-cell adhesion during marsupial blastocyst formation prohibits morula formation and ensures that both the pluriblast and trophoblast are superficial.

This study, based on 38 samples taken between the 16-cell stage on day 2.5 of gestation and the expanded 1.0-mm-diameter unilaminar blastocyst on day 6, describes the ultrastructural changes that occur in the conceptus of the marsupial Sminthopsis macroura in relation to cell-zonal adhesion initiated at the zygote stage and cell-cell adhesion initiated at the 16-cell stage, lineage allocation, extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and embryo coat changes.

Conceptus polarity and cell-zona adhesion during early cleavage (fertilized tubal egg to 8-cell stage) in the marsupial Sminthopsis macroura.

This study outlines the ultrastructural changes that occur in Sminthopsis macroura tubal zygotes to the 8-cell stage in relation to observations of development in vitro, oocyte polarity and cell-zona adhesion. The extremely polarized mature oocytes and zygotes have nuclear material at one pole and accumulated vesicular bodies at the other. The first division is associated with extrusion of vesicular bodies and some cytoplasm as a membrane-bound yolk mass into the perivitelline space.

Changes in the epithelium of the vaginal complex during the estrous cycle of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica. 1. Transmission electron microscopy study.

The vaginal complex of marsupials differs from that of eutherians. Cervices open separately in a sinus vaginalis or cul-de-sac. Two lateral vaginae adjoin the sinus vaginalis and fuse at the level of the urethra opening and form the sinus urogenitalis.

Ultrastructural changes in the cervical epithelium during the estrous cycle of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica (grey short-tailed opossum).

Ultrastructural changes in the cervical epithelium related to the estrous cycle have been studied in the South American marsupial Monodelphis domestica. The two cervices protrude with prominent papillae into the sinus vaginalis. At times of simple columnar at others of more pseudostratified character consists of two types of cells, ciliated and secretory cells.

Ultrastructural changes in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelium during the oestrous cycle of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica (grey short-tailed opossum).

Ultrastructural changes in the endometrium associated with the oestrous cycle were studied in the South American marsupial Monodelphis domestica. The most conspicuous changes include the height and the differentiation of the uterine luminal and glandular epithelium, which consists of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. The glandular epithelium attains its maximum development during oestrus, the luminal epithelium at postoestrus.