Acute Effects of Breaking up Sitting Time With Isometric Wall Squat Exercise on Vascular Function and Blood Pressure in Sedentary Adults: Randomized Crossover Trial.

Purpose: The World Health Organization has recommended breaking up sitting time to improve cardiovascular health. However, whether isometric exercise can be effectively used as a strategy to break up sitting time remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with isometric wall squat exercise (IWSE) on vascular function and blood pressure (BP) in sedentary adults.

Toward a Better Understanding of Muscle Microvascular Perfusion During Exercise in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: The Effect of Lower-Limb Revascularization.

Purpose: Leg muscle microvascular blood flow (perfusion) is impaired in response to maximal exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, during submaximal exercise, microvascular perfusion is maintained due to a greater increase in microvascular blood volume compared with that seen in healthy adults. It is unclear whether this submaximal exercise response reflects a microvascular impairment, or whether it is a compensatory response for the limited conduit artery flow in PAD. Therefore, to clarify the role of conduit artery blood flow, we compared whole-limb blood flow and skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion responses with exercise in patients with PAD (n=9; 60±7 years) prior to, and following, lower-limb endovascular revascularization.

Cerebrovascular function and its association with systemic artery function and stiffness in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment.

Purpose: Our aim was to compare cerebrovascular and systemic vascular function between older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to determine which measures of vascular function best predict the presence of MCI.

Methods: In 41 adults with MCI and 33 adults without MCI (control) we compared middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) and cerebrovascular pulsatility index (PI) at rest, cerebrovascular reactivity to CO, and responsiveness to changes in blood pressure (%∆MCAv/%∆MAP). Systemic vascular function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Effects of resistance training on endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: The effects of resistance training on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), which has been the gold standard non-invasive assessment of endothelial function and is associated with the risk of cardiovascular events, are not well known. We conducted a systematic review to analyze the effects of resistance training on FMD.

Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscuss, Scopus, Web of Science and PEDro databases for studies that met the following criteria: (a) randomized controlled trials of resistance exercise with a comparative non-exercise group or contralateral untrained limb in adults and/or elderly; (b) studies that measured post-occlusion brachial artery FMD by ultrasonography, before and after intervention.

Skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion responses to cuff occlusion and submaximal exercise assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound: The effect of age.

Impairments in skeletal muscle microvascular function are frequently reported in patients with various cardiometabolic conditions for which older age is a risk factor. Whether aging per se predisposes the skeletal muscle to microvascular dysfunction is unclear. We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) to compare skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion responses to cuff occlusion and leg exercise between healthy young (n = 12, 26 ± 3 years) and older (n = 12, 68 ± 7 years) adults.

An Experimental Series Investigating the Effects of Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemia on Myocardial Blood Flow Reserve in Healthy Individuals and on Myocardial Perfusion Defect Size following ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Incomplete restoration of myocardial blood flow (MBF) is reported in up to 30% of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) despite prompt mechanical revascularization. Experimental hyperinsulinemic euglycemia (HE) increases MBF reserve (MBFR). If fully exploited, this effect may also improve MBF to ischemic myocardium.

The Effect of Different Exercise Modes on Domain-Specific Cognitive Function in Patients Suffering from Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Supervised exercise training alleviates motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the efficacy of exercise to improve nonmotor symptoms such as cognitive function is less well known.

Objective: To systematically review evidence on the efficacy of different exercise modes (coordination exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic exercise) on domain-specific cognitive function in patients with PD.

Leg blood flow and skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion responses to submaximal exercise in peripheral arterial disease.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by stenosis and occlusion of the lower limb arteries. Although leg blood flow is limited in PAD, it remains unclear whether skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion is affected. We compared whole leg blood flow and calf muscle microvascular perfusion after cuff occlusion and submaximal leg exercise between patients with PAD ( n = 12, 69 ± 9 yr) and healthy age-matched control participants ( n = 12, 68 ± 7 yr).

Association of time spent in physical activities and sedentary behaviors with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Increased arterial stiffness is linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Studies have reported conflicting results regarding the relationship between arterial stiffness and time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA). The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between objectively measured light PA (LPA), moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and SB with the gold standard measurement of arterial stiffness, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV).

Combined Lower Limb Revascularisation and Supervised Exercise Training for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Background: Both revascularisation and supervised exercise training improve functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the value of combined therapy, where exercise therapy is delivered as an adjunct to revascularisation, is less clear.

Objective: To systematically review evidence on the efficacy of lower limb revascularisation combined with supervised exercise training in patients with PAD.

Influence of endurance and resistance exercise order on the postexercise hemodynamic responses in hypertensive women.

The study aims to evaluate the effects of the order of endurance and resistance exercises on postexercise blood pressure (BP) and hemodynamics in hypertensive women. Nineteen hypertensive women underwent 3 sessions: control (50 minutes rest), endurance (50-60% of heart rate reserve) followed by resistance exercise (50% of 1 repetition maximum) (E + R), and resistance followed by endurance exercise (R + E). Before and 30 minutes after each session, BP, peripheral vascular resistance, cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate were measured.

Clinical predictors of ventilatory threshold achievement in patients with claudication.

Purpose: Ventilatory threshold (VT) is considered a clinically important marker of cardiovascular function in several populations, including patients with claudication, because it is related to walking capacity and hemodynamics. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical predictors for VT achievement in patients with intermittent claudication.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-seven (n = 177) patients with intermittent claudication performed a progressive graded cardiopulmonary treadmill test until maximal claudication pain.

Isokinetic strength and endurance in proximal and distal muscles in patients with peripheral artery disease.

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the muscle strength and endurance of the proximal and distal lower-extremity muscles in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients.

Methods: Twenty patients with bilateral PAD with symptoms of intermittent claudication and nine control subjects without PAD were included in the study, comprising 40 and 18 legs, respectively. All subjects performed an isokinetic muscle test to evaluate the muscle strength and endurance of the proximal (knee extension and knee flexion movements) and distal (plantar flexion and dorsiflexion movements) muscle groups in the lower extremity.

Impact of a supervised strength training or walking training over a subsequent unsupervised therapy period on walking capacity in patients with claudication.

Previous studies have demonstrated that supervised strength training (ST) or walking training (WT) improve walking capacity in patients with claudication. However, it remains unknown whether these improvements would be sustained over a subsequent unsupervised period. This article reports the findings of a study to analyze whether the improvements in walking capacity, achieved with a supervised ST or WT, would be sustained over a subsequent unsupervised therapy period in patients with claudication.

Acute effect of resistance exercise intensity in cardiac autonomic modulation after exercise.

Background: Cardiac sympathovagal balance is altered after resistance exercise. However, the impact of the characteristics of resistance training in this response remains unclear.

Objective: Analyze the acute effect of resistance exercise intensity for trunk and upper limbs in cardiac autonomic modulation after exercise.

Cardiovascular responses to walking in patients with peripheral artery disease.

Purposes: The study's purposes were to assess the cardiovascular responses during constant-load walking and to identify predictors of this response in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients with PAD performed a constant-load treadmill test (2 mph, 0% grade). During the test, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and HR were obtained at the fourth minute to the last minute of exercise.

Abdominal obesity in adolescents: prevalence and association with physical activity and eating habits.

Background: Abdominal obesity in adolescents is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but its prevalence and the factors associated with its occurrence are unknown.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity in adolescents, and to evaluate whether the indicators of physical activity and dietary habits are associated with the occurrence of abdominal obesity in adolescents.

Methods: The sample included 4138 high school students (14-19 years), selected by cluster sampling in two stages.