Publications by authors named "Anneke Grobler"

In children with cancer, febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the most common complications of treatment, a leading cause of unplanned and prolonged hospital admission and is the key driver of antibiotic exposure. Co-designed with key stakeholders, 'Early versus Late Stopping of Antibiotics in high-risk FN' (ELSA-FN) is a randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial that compares stopping antibiotics in clinically stable patients after 48 hours with the current standard of care, continuing antibiotics until absolute neutrophil recovery. As an Australian first, we will exploit the potential of electronic medical record (EMR) systems, embedding all key aspects of the trial including screening, consent, randomisation and data collection into standard clinical and EMR workflows.

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Background: The GAS trial demonstrated evidence that most neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years and 5 years of age in infants who received a single general anaesthetic (GA) for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were clinically equivalent when compared to infants who did not receive GA. More than 20% of the children in the trial had at least one subsequent anaesthetic exposure after their initial surgery. Using the GAS database, this study aimed to address whether multiple (2 or more) GA exposures compared to one or no GA exposure in early childhood were associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 years.

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Objective: Rehabilitation is thought to reduce ataxia severity in individuals with hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA). This multicenter, randomized controlled superiority trial aimed to examine the efficacy of a 30-week goal-directed rehabilitation program compared with 30 weeks of standard care on function, ataxia, health-related quality of life, and balance in individuals with an HCA.

Methods: Individuals with an autosomal dominant or recessive ataxia (aged ≥15 years) were enrolled at 5 sites in Australia.

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Background: Scabies and impetigo cause direct health effects and contribute to severe infectious and immune-mediated complications. Ivermectin-based mass drug administration can reduce scabies and impetigo prevalence in island settings with high prevalence, but the effectiveness in moderate-prevalence settings is not known.

Methods: We conducted a single-arm, before-after community intervention trial.

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Article Synopsis
  • Sleep disturbances are common in advanced cancer patients, affecting 30-78% of them, yet there are few rigorous studies on treatment options.
  • This study tested the effectiveness and safety of temazepam and prolonged-release melatonin against a placebo for treating insomnia in advanced cancer patients, with a total of 21 participants.
  • Both temazepam and melatonin resulted in a significant reduction in insomnia severity compared to placebo, but did not improve overall quality of life; further research with more participants is needed to confirm these results.
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Background: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) persists as a major cardiovascular driver of mortality and morbidity among young people in low-and middle-income countries. Secondary antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) with penicillin remains the cornerstone of RHD control, however, suboptimal treatment adherence undermines most secondary prevention programs. Many of the barriers to optimal SAP adherence are specific to the intramuscular form of penicillin and may potentially be overcome by use of oral penicillin.

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Article Synopsis
  • Events like rescue medication use, treatment discontinuation, or death can affect the outcomes in randomized trials but are often not well-handled.
  • The ICH E9(R1) addendum has introduced the estimand framework to better align trial goals with their design and analysis.
  • This article explains using the estimand framework in anesthesia trials to clarify treatment effects, address common intercurrent events, and ensure results are relevant to clinical questions.
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Unlabelled: Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is a Gram-positive bacteria which causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening sepsis. Studies report up to 2000 times greater risk of invasive S.

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Background: Few studies have assessed the potential indirect effects of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs on the adult pneumonia burden in resource-limited settings. We evaluated the impact of childhood PCV13 immunisation on adult all-cause pneumonia following a phased program introduction from 2016.

Methods: We conducted a time-series analysis to assess changes in pneumonia hospitalisation incidence at four district hospitals in Mongolia.

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  • The EPICS trial investigates the impact of early peritoneal dialysis (PD) on outcomes in infants post-cardiac surgery, comparing treatment and control groups to see if early PD improves recovery.
  • Infants under 180 days old will be randomized to receive PD shortly after ICU admission or no PD for the first 24 hours, with a focus on various health outcomes like death, cardiac arrest, and length of hospital stay.
  • Primary outcomes include a composite of serious events within 90 days, while secondary outcomes focus on mechanical ventilation duration, ICU stay, and fluid balance by Day 2, aiming to understand the benefits of early PD in pediatric cardiac care.
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Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and non-nutritive sweetened beverage (NNSB) consumption is associated with obesity and are targets for population-level dietary interventions. In children (<16 years), we evaluate whether SSB or NNSB consumption is associated with subsequent (2 years later) overweight and/or obesity, and the effect of consumption on subsequent overweight/obesity differs by BMI polygenic risk score (BMI-PRS). The nationally representative Longitudinal-Study-of-Australian-Children had biennial data collection from birth ( = 5107) until age 14/15 years ( = 3127).

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Detection of respiratory viruses requires testing of the upper respiratory tract to obtain specimens for analysis. However, nasal and throat swabs can cause discomfort and procedural anxiety in children. Respiratory sampling methods which are accurate and less invasive are needed.

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Background: Mental health problems, such as behavioural and emotional problems, are prevalent in children. These problems can have long lasting, detrimental effects on the child, their parents and society. Most children with a mental health problem do not receive professional help.

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Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) based on two doses of ivermectin, one week apart, substantially reduces prevalence of both scabies and impetigo. The Regimens of Ivermectin for Scabies Elimination (RISE) trial assessed whether one-dose ivermectin-based MDA would be as effective.

Methods: RISE was a cluster-randomised trial in Solomon Islands.

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Importance: Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is characterized by snoring and difficulty breathing during sleep. SDB affects at least 12% of otherwise healthy children and is associated with significant morbidity. Evidence from small clinical trials suggests that intranasal corticosteroids improve SDB as measured by polysomnography; however, the effect on symptoms and quality of life is unclear.

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Introduction: The Victorian COVID-19 Cancer Network (VCCN) Telehealth Expert Working Group aimed to evaluate the telehealth (TH) experience for cancer patients, carers and clinicians with the rapid uptake of TH in early 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a prospective multi-centre cross-sectional survey involving eight Victorian regional and metropolitan cancer services and three consumer advocacy groups. Patients or their carers and clinicians who had TH consultations between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2020 were invited to participate in patient and clinician surveys, respectively.

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Article Synopsis
  • Community-acquired pneumonia is a significant health issue globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where its impact on adults is under-studied.
  • A study analyzed over 4,000 respiratory admissions in Ulaanbaatar, finding that severe pneumonia primarily affects older adults and is more common in men and individuals with existing health issues.
  • From 2015 to 2018, the incidence of pneumonia in adults increased, with the highest rates observed in those aged 65 and older, highlighting the need for targeted vaccination and prevention strategies.
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Background: Oxycodone is a frequently used opioid in cancer. Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is common. Oxycodone/Naloxone Prolonged Release (OXN PR) contains naloxone, which mitigates OIC.

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Aim: Respiratory testing with rapid antigen tests (RATs) in children under 5 years of age may be uncomfortable and presents specific challenges to testing due to compliance and procedural distress. The aim of this study was to investigate sensitivity and feasibility of self-collected nasal and saliva RAT tests compared with a combined nose and throat (CTN) swab PCR in children under 5.

Methods: Children aged between 1 month and 5 years, with confirmed COVID-19 or who were a household contact within 7 days were included.

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Background: Streptococcus pyogenes is a leading cause of infection-related morbidity and mortality. A reinvigorated vaccine development effort calls for new clinically relevant human S pyogenes experimental infection models to support proof of concept evaluation of candidate vaccines. We describe the initial Controlled Human Infection for Vaccination Against S pyogenes (CHIVAS-M75) study, in which we aimed to identify a dose of emm75 S pyogenes that causes acute pharyngitis in at least 60% of volunteers when applied to the pharynx by swab.

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There are several methodological challenges when conducting randomised controlled trials in palliative care. These include worsening function and high mortality, leading to treatment discontinuation, some of which will be unrelated to the intervention being evaluated.Recently, a new framework for handling postrandomisation events, such as attrition, has been released.

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Background: Obesity is characterized by heightened inflammation, and both phenotypes are associated with hearing loss. We aimed to determine if inflammation mediates the associations between obesity and hearing ability in mid-childhood and mid-life.

Methods: Participants: 1165 11- to 12-year-old children and 1316 parents in the population-based cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.

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Background: Approximately one in ten men experience mental health difficulties during the early years of fatherhood, and these can have negative impacts on children and families. However, few evidence-based interventions targeting fathers' mental health are available. The aim of the trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Working Out Dads (WOD) - a facilitated peer support group intervention for fathers of young children, in reducing psychological distress and other mental health symptoms.

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