Pandemic Palliatives and COVID-19 Coping: Toward the Development of a "Coping with Crisis Communications" (COCCO) Scale.

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical role of coping strategies during global crises and demonstrated how official communications shape public responses. This study evaluates the psychometric validity of a novel pentadic "Coping with Crisis Communication" (COCCO) Scale, which categorizes coping behaviors into five behavioral responses: , , , , and . A national representative survey of 742 Swiss residents, conducted in February 2022, measured these coping responses to official COVID-19 communications from the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) and traditional Swiss news media (TNM).

"Compliant Supporters," "Anxious Skeptics," and "Defiant Deniers": A Latent Profile Analysis of People's Responses to COVID-19 Communications.

This study investigates whether people's responses to official communications about COVID-19 could be "profiled" with respect to socio-economic-demographic and behavioral characteristics. Such profiles could enhance the effectiveness of future crisis management through the use of profile-adapted communications that maximize message comprehension. A representative web panel survey (742 respondents) was conducted across Switzerland in February 2022 to assess the population's reaction to COVID-19 communications during the pandemic.

The aspects of healthcare quality that are important to health professionals and patients: A qualitative study.

Objective: Existing quality of care frameworks insufficiently integrate the perspectives of physicians, nurses and patients. We collected narrative accounts from these three groups to explore if their perspectives might add new content to these existing definitions.

Methods: Ninety-seven descriptions of "good" and "poor" care episodes were collected from a convenience sample of physicians, nurses and outpatients at eight regional hospitals.

Testing the Integrative Quality Care Assessment Tool (INQUAT).

Purpose: Identifying the factors that contribute or hinder the provision of good quality care within healthcare institutions, from the managers' perspective, is important for the success of quality improvement initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to test the Integrative Quality Care Assessment Tool (INQUAT) that was previously developed with a sample of healthcare managers in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach: Written narratives of 69 good and poor quality care episodes were collected from 37 managers in Italy.

When facing our fallibility constitutes "safe practice": Further evidence for the Medical Error Disclosure Competence (MEDC) guidelines.

Objective: This study pursues further empirical validation of the "Medical Error Disclosure Competence (MEDC)" guidelines. The following research questions are addressed: (1) What communicative skills predict patients' perceived disclosure adequacy? (2) To what extent do patients' adequacy perceptions predict disclosure effectiveness? (3) Are there any significant sex differences in the MEDC constructs?

Methods: A sample of 193 respondents completed an online survey about a medical error they experienced in the past 5 years, and about the subsequent disclosure of that error to them.

Results: One in four patients had experienced a medical error, only a third of them received a disclosure.

Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation for paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A structured evaluation of communication issues using the SACCIA safe communication typology.

Aim: To evaluate communication issues during dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DACPR) for paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a structured manner to facilitate recommendations for training improvement.

Methods: A retrospective observational study evaluated DACPR communication issues using the SACCIA Safe Communication typology (Sufficiency, Accuracy, Clarity, Contextualization, Interpersonal Adaptation). Telephone recordings of 31 cases were transcribed verbatim and analysed with respect to encoding, decoding and transactional communication issues.

Determinants of good and poor quality as perceived by US health care managers.

Purpose The scientific literature evidences that the quality of care must be improved. However, little research has focused on investigating how health care managers - who are responsible for the implementation of quality interventions - define good and poor quality. The purpose of this paper is to develop an empirically informed taxonomy of quality care as perceived by US managers - named the Integrative Quality Care Assessment Tool (INQUAT) - that is grounded in Donabedian's structure, process and outcome model.

"It Matters What I Think, Not What You Say": Scientific Evidence for a Medical Error Disclosure Competence (MEDC) Model.

Objective: This study sought to validate the ability of a "Medical Error Disclosure Competence" (MEDC) model to predict the effects of physicians' communication skills on error disclosure outcomes in a simulated context.

Method: A random sample of 721 respondents was assigned to 16 experimental disclosure conditions that tested the MEDC model's constructs across 2 severity conditions (i.e.

What constitutes "competent error disclosure"? Insights from a national focus group study in Switzerland.

The question is no longer whether to disclose an error to a patient. Many studies have established that medical errors are co-owned by providers and patients and thus must be disclosed. However, little evidence is available on the concrete communication skills and contextual features that contribute to patients' perceptions of "competent disclosures" as a key predictor of objective disclosure outcomes.

Medical errors: Disclosure styles, interpersonal forgiveness, and outcomes.

Rationale: This study investigates the intrapersonal and interpersonal factors and processes that are associated with patient forgiveness of a provider in the aftermath of a harmful medical error.

Objective: This study aims to examine what antecedents are most predictive of patient forgiveness and non-forgiveness, and the extent to which social-cognitive factors (i.e.

Identifying the field of health communication.

This empirical investigation addresses four paradigmatically framed research questions to illuminate the epistemological status of the field of health communication, systematically addressing the limitations of existing disciplinary introspections. A content analysis of published health communication research indicated that the millennium marked a new stage of health communication research with a visible shift onto macro-level communication of health information among nonhealth professionals. The analysis also revealed the emergence of a paradigm around this particular topic area, with its contributing scholars predominantly sharing postpositivistic thought traditions and cross-sectional survey-analytic methodologies.

Physician-perceived contradictions in end-of-life communication: toward a self-report measurement scale.

Communication is undoubtedly a critical element of competent end-of-life care. However, physicians commonly lack communication skills in this particular care context. Theoretically grounded, evidence-based guidelines are needed to enhance physicians' communication with patients and their families in this important time of their lives.

Emerging issues and future directions of the field of health communication.

The interdisciplinary intersections between communication science and health-related fields are pervasive, with numerous differences in regard to epistemology, career planning, funding perspectives, educational goals, and cultural orientations. This article identifies and elaborates on these challenges with illustrative examples. Furthermore, concrete suggestions for future scholarship are recommended to facilitate compatible, coherent, and interdisciplinary health communication inquiry.

Relational dialectics theory: Disentangling physician-perceived tensions of end-of-life communication.

Existing literature evidences the centrality of interpersonal communication during end-of-life care, but several barriers currently compromise its effectiveness. One of them is a common lack of communication skills among physicians in this challenging context. Several strategies have been suggested to enhance end-of-life interactions; however, a solid theoretical framework is needed for the development of effective systematic guidelines and interventions that can facilitate this goal.

Disclosing medical errors to patients: effects of nonverbal involvement.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test causal effects of physicians' nonverbal involvement on medical error disclosure outcomes.

Methods: 216 hospital outpatients were randomly assigned to two experimental treatment groups. The first group watched a video vignette of a verbally effective and nonverbally involved error disclosure.

TRACEing the roots: a diagnostic "Tool for Retrospective Analysis of Critical Events".

Objective: The lack of interdisciplinary clarity in the conceptualization of medical errors discourages effective incident analysis, particularly in the event of harmless outcomes. This manuscript integrates communication competence theory, the criterion of reasonability, and a typology of human error into a theoretically grounded Tool for Retrospective Analysis of Critical Events (TRACE) to overcome this limitation.

Methods: A conceptual matrix synthesizing foundational elements pertinent to critical incident analysis from the medical, legal, bioethical and communication literature was developed.

Building bridges: future directions for medical error disclosure research.

Objective: The disclosure of medical errors has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. However, the research to date has lacked interdisciplinary dialog, making translation of findings into medical practice challenging. This article lays out the disciplinary perspectives of the fields of medicine, ethics, law and communication on medical error disclosure and identifies gaps and tensions that occur at these interdisciplinary boundaries.

"Explicitly implicit": examining the importance of physician nonverbal involvement during error disclosures.

Questions Under Study/principles: Medical errors are prevalent, but physicians commonly lack the training and skills to disclose them to their patients. Existing research has yielded a set of verbal messages physicians should communicate during error disclosures. However, considering the emotional message contents, patients likely derive much of the meaning from physicians' nonverbal behaviours.

The good funeral: toward an understanding of funeral participation and satisfaction.

This study posits a model of funeral satisfaction in which religiosity predicts general funeral attitudes, which predict levels and types of funeral participation, mediating the relationship between attitudes and satisfaction in a particular bereavement context. Over a thousand respondents rated their attitudes toward funerals in general and evaluated the most recent funeral they had actually attended. The resulting model indicated that religiosity and favorable attitudes, when enacted through participation and involvement, tend to predict funeral satisfaction, in combination with favorable comparisons, and when the deceased was close and the death unexpected or tragic.

Shedding light on the dark side of doctor-patient interactions: verbal and nonverbal messages physicians communicate during error disclosures.

Objective: Existing investigations on medical error disclosures have neglected the fact that a disproportionately large amount of the meaning in messages is derived from nonverbal cues. This study provides an empirical assessment of the verbal and nonverbal messages physicians communicate when disclosing medical errors to standardized patients.

Methods: Sixty hypothetical error disclosures by a volunteer sample of attending physicians were videotaped, coded, and statistically analyzed.

Negotiating medical virtues: toward the development of a physician mistake disclosure model.

Statistics show that nearly 98,000 patients die each year because of preventable medical mistakes. Despite legal obligations, a majority of physicians either fail to disclose a mistake or disclose it in an incompetent manner, causing detrimental outcomes. This article is the first to synthesize existing research on medical mistakes into an integrative physician mistake disclosure model.