Publications by authors named "Anne-Sophie L'honneur"
Article Synopsis
- * A study examined 131 female patients with X-linked dominant incontinentia pigmenti (IP), finding that 36% produced autoantibodies against IFN-α and/or IFN-ω, significantly higher than age-matched controls.
- * The presence of these autoantibodies is linked to an abnormally small thymus and predisposes patients to life-threatening viral infections, while those without these autoantibodies do not face the same risk.
Severe defects in human IFNγ immunity predispose individuals to both Bacillus Calmette-Guérin disease and tuberculosis, whereas milder defects predispose only to tuberculosis. Here we report two adults with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis who are homozygous for a private loss-of-function TNF variant. Neither has any other clinical phenotype and both mount normal clinical and biological inflammatory responses.
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- Patients with X linked agammaglobulinemia and those receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are at increased risk for severe enterovirus (EV) infections, particularly meningoencephalitis.
- A study collected data from nine original cases and 17 previously published cases, revealing a high occurrence of meningoencephalitis (81%) and a mortality rate of 27% among affected patients treated with multiple anti-CD20 mAbs.
- The findings suggest that clinicians should consider EV infections in IMID patients presenting unusual symptoms and recognize that anti-CD20 mAbs can impair B-cell responses to EV infections, potentially indicating
Article Synopsis
- CD4+ T cells are crucial for the immune system, but their exact function is not fully understood, particularly the role of the CD4 protein itself.
- Researchers studied seven patients with a rare genetic condition causing CD4 deficiency, leading to various infections, and found that these individuals lacked CD4+ T cells but had alternative T cell populations that could still mount immune responses.
- While the patients showed compensatory immune responses against many pathogens, CD4 remains essential for protection against specific infections like human papillomavirus and Whipple's disease.
Article Synopsis
- Immunocompromised patients are most at risk for severe COVID-19, and some can shed the SARS-CoV-2 virus for extended periods, ranging from weeks to 9 months.
- A study involving 29 patients with persistent viral shedding and 40 controls identified fever and low lymphocyte counts as significant risk factors, alongside the finding that unvaccinated individuals have a much higher risk of persistent shedding.
- Immunocompromised patients who shed the virus persistently are also at increased risk of hospitalization, invasive aspergillosis (a fungal infection), and death, highlighting the need for regular screenings during viral shedding.
Article Synopsis
- * This deficiency results in the impaired translation of important proteins like JAK2, affecting cellular responses to specific cytokines such as IL-23 and IL-12, particularly in T lymphocytes and phagocytes.
- * The impaired response to IL-23 reduces the production of IFN-γ by certain immune cells during mycobacterial infections, highlighting a crucial link between MCTS1 deficiency and mycobacterial disease susceptibility.
Article Synopsis
- A new variant of echovirus 11 has been identified as the cause of nine severe neonatal infections, primarily affecting male infants, with a notable occurrence among twins.
- The affected infants, aged 3-5 days at the time of illness, presented with severe sepsis and liver failure.
- This variant, discovered in France since April 2022, has led to an increase in fatal neonatal enterovirus infections compared to previous years, prompting calls for national and international health alerts.
Article Synopsis
- Inborn errors affecting the immune response to IFN-γ lead to mycobacterial diseases, while errors in IFN-α/β impact defense against viral infections.
- A study of children with complete IRF1 deficiency showed they suffered from severe mycobacterial infections but displayed normal responses to various viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
- IRF1 plays a crucial role in the immune response to mycobacteria, enhancing IFN-γ responses, while its absence does not significantly hinder antiviral defenses associated with IFN-α/β.
Purpose: Describe the clinical and virological characteristics of viral necrotizing retinitis (VNR) and assess its prognostic factors. Methods: Retrospective study (Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris) of consecutive VNR patients diagnosed and monitored by qPCR on aqueous humor between 2015 and 2019. All patients received induction therapy with intravenous +/− intravitreal injections (IVI) of antivirals.
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- The study focused on the SARS-CoV-2 variant α, which became a concern in 2021, examining its genetic diversity and connection to severe COVID-19 outcomes.
- Conducted in 11 ICUs in Greater Paris, it analyzed 413 patients and found that variant α was prevalent but did not lead to higher mortality compared to pre-existing variants or other variants.
- Despite differences in age and underlying health conditions among patients with different variants, the research concluded that there was no significant link between specific viral mutations and day-28 mortality rates.
Article Synopsis
- - Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have been linked to a higher risk of pneumonia and may also increase susceptibility to respiratory viral infections, particularly adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
- - A study analyzed 2,658 adults hospitalized with influenza-like illness from 2012-2018, where 20.2% were treated with ICS prior to admission, with 52.5% testing positive for respiratory viruses.
- - Patients on ICS had a greater likelihood of complications, with 55.9% experiencing issues like pneumonia, a 14.2% ICU admission rate, and a 2.8% in-hospital mortality rate.
Article Synopsis
- The COVID-19 pandemic saw a huge increase in RT-PCR test usage, prompting debates about the importance of Cq values—quantification cycles—in understanding infection intensity and spread.
- Researchers analyzed over 793,000 Cq values from 2 million samples during the first two waves of the pandemic using regression and time series models to assess their predictive power for epidemic dynamics.
- Results indicated that Cq values, influenced by factors like age and timing of symptoms, can enhance predictions of COVID-19 spread, thereby aiding public health surveillance efforts.
Article Synopsis
- VZV (varicella-zoster virus) can cause serious infections in the brain and nerves, leading to different health outcomes for patients.
- In a study from 2011 to 2018, researchers looked at patients with VZV in their cerebrospinal fluid and found that many had poor recovery or died from the infection.
- The type of neurological issues, like meningitis or more severe brain problems, affected how well patients recovered, with meningitis generally having a better outcome.
Background: JC polyomavirus (JCV) mostly causes asymptomatic persistent renal infections but may give rise in immunosuppressed patients to neurotropic variants that replicate in the brain, causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Rearrangements in the JCV genome regulator noncoding control region (NCCR) and missense mutations in the viral capsid VP1 gene differentiate neurotropic variants from virus excreted in urine.
Methods: To investigate intrahost emergence of JCV neurotropic populations in PML, we deep sequenced JCV whole genome recovered from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples from 32 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected PML patients at the single-molecule level.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and in-hospital and post-discharge outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among adults hospitalised with influenza-like illness (ILI) and compared against patients admitted for influenza.
Methods: Adults hospitalised with ILI were prospectively included from five French university hospitals over two consecutive winter seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019). RSV and influenza virus were detected by multiplex reverse transcription PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs.
In this case-control study on 564 healthcare workers of a university hospital in Paris (France), contacts without protection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients or with colleagues were associated with infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, whereas working in a COVID-dedicated unit and having children kept in childcare facilities were not.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparing Dynamics and Determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmissions Among Healthcare Workers of Adult and Pediatric Settings in Central Paris.
Clin Infect Dis
January 2021
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have paid a heavy toll during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Routes of transmission remain to be fully understood.
Methods: This prospective study compared a 1500-bed adult and 600-bed pediatric setting of a tertiary-care university hospital located in central Paris.
Article Synopsis
- COVID-19 has led to over 662,000 deaths globally and can cause not only respiratory issues but also severe complications in other organs due to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the bloodstream.
- Researchers analyzed 58 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 12 healthy controls, using advanced droplet-based digital PCR technology to measure the viral load in plasma.
- The study found that 74.1% of patients had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their blood, with higher prevalence and levels correlating with disease severity, indicating it could serve as a useful prognostic marker for patient outcomes.
Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is associated with iatrogenic lymphopenia, predominating on CD8+ T-cells.
Objectives And Methods: We report an unusual case of DMF-related PML in a 66-year-old MS patient with preserved lymphocyte count (nadir: 810/mm) and normal CD8+ T-cells count.
Results: A massive overexpression of the inhibitory receptor Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) on CD8+ and memory effector T-cells together with an impaired anti-JC virus (JCV) specific T-cells response were found, compatible with exhaustion.
Purpose: To describe the burden, and characteristics, of influenza-like illness (ILI) associated with non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRV).
Methods: We performed a prospective, multicenter, observational study of adults admitted with ILI during three influenza seasons (2012-2015). Patients were screened for picornavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, bocavirus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza, by PCR on nasopharyngeal samples.
Genital zoster in near term pregnancy: Case report and need of management guidelines.
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod
February 2020
Genital herpes simplex infection close to delivery may be transmitted to the newborn. Guidelines for genital herpes during pregnancy have been elaborated to reduce the risks of neonatal herpes. Genital herpes zoster due to reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) from sacral ganglia is an under recognized cause of genital lesions.
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- The study aimed to evaluate how a rapid diagnostic test for influenza affects hospitalization and antibiotic treatment rates in pregnant women with isolated fever or influenza-like illness (ILI) during winter.
- It compared two time periods: one before the rapid test was introduced (period 1) and one after (period 2), including 38 women in the first period and 124 in the second.
- Results showed a significant reduction in hospitalization and antibiotic therapy rates after the introduction of the rapid test, indicating improved management for pregnant women with suspected influenza.