Background: Case reports of the use of zolpidem in Permanent Vegetative States (PVS) have led to interest by the media and court judgements defining treatment with such drugs. It is uncertain whether this paradoxical effect of zolpidem in raising consciousness may be evident in other low awareness states such as Minimally Conscious State (MCS).
Case Study: This study treated a 44 year old male with MCS some 4 years after his traumatic brain injury with zolpidem for 1 week on and 1 week off treatment.