Retrospective cohort study on radial head replacements comparing results between smooth and porous stem designs.

Background: When necessary, radial head integrity after a fracture can be re-created by the use of a radial head arthroplasty if the radial head is judged irreparable. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of metal modular radial head replacements with a smooth vs. a porous stem.

Neurotensin in the nucleus accumbens reverses dopamine supersensitivity evoked by antipsychotic treatment.

Long-term exposure to antipsychotics like haloperidol can increase sensitivity to dopamine agonist stimulation. This could contribute to treatment failure and increase relapse to psychosis. Chronic antipsychotic treatment elevates neurotensin levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), where the neuropeptide modulates dopamine function by signalling through NTS1 receptors.

Antipsychotic treatment leading to dopamine supersensitivity persistently alters nucleus accumbens function.

Chronic exposure to some antipsychotic medications can induce supersensitivity to dopamine receptor stimulation. This is linked to a worsening of clinical outcome and to antipsychotic treatment failure. Here we investigated the role of striatal subregions [nucleus accumbens (NAc) and caudate-putamen (CPu)] in the expression of antipsychotic-induced dopamine supersensitivity.

Incipient malunion of an isolated humeral trochlea fracture treated with an elbow hemiarthroplasty: case report.

We report the case of a 49-year-old woman with severe elbow ankylosis 10 weeks after a trochlea fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Imaging confirmed failure of open reduction and internal fixation with a displaced and severely damaged trochlea. We treated the nascent malunited trochlea and associated elbow ankylosis with a distal humeral hemiarthroplasty and circumferential elbow arthrolysis.

Prior haloperidol, but not olanzapine, exposure augments the pursuit of reward cues: implications for substance abuse in schizophrenia.

Drug abuse and addiction are excessively common in schizophrenia. Chronic antipsychotic treatment might contribute to this comorbidity by inducing supersensitivity within the brain's dopamine system. Dopamine supersensitivity can enhance the incentive motivational properties of reward cues, and reward cues contribute to the maintenance and severity of drug addiction.

Continuous, but not intermittent, antipsychotic drug delivery intensifies the pursuit of reward cues.

Chronic exposure to antipsychotic medications can persistently change brain dopamine systems. Most studies on the functional significance of these neural changes have focused on motor behavior and few have addressed how long-term antipsychotic treatment might influence dopamine-mediated reward function. We asked, therefore, whether a clinically relevant antipsychotic treatment regimen would alter the incentive motivational properties of a reward cue.