Major Group-B Enterovirus populations deleted in the noncoding 5' region of genomic RNA modulate activation of the type I interferon pathway in cardiomyocytes and induce myocarditis.

Major 5'-terminally deleted (5'TD) RNA forms of group-B coxsackievirus (CVB-5'TD) has been associated with myocarditis in both mice and humans. Although it is known that interferon-β (IFN-β) signaling is critical for an efficient innate immune response against CVB-induced myocarditis, the link between CVB-5'TD RNA forms and type I IFN signaling in cardiomyocytes remains to be explored. In a mouse model of CVB3/28-induced myocarditis, major early-emerging forms of CVB-5'TD RNA have been characterized as replicative viral populations that impair IFN-β production in the heart.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical Follow-Up of Patients Living with HIV in Chad: A Retrospective Monocentric Investigation.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the clinical follow-up of people living with HIV (PLWH) remains poorly documented in Sahelian Africa. We conducted a monocentric retrospective investigation of the outcomes (loss to follow-up [LTFU], transferred, or dead) among a cohort of PLWH receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in N'djamena, Chad (December 2019-December 2022). The incidence of LTFU was found to be higher in 2020 than in 2022 (P > 10-4), with increases of incidence of LTFU in the first trimester of 2020 before identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection cases in Chad.

Replication Activities of Major 5' Terminally Deleted Group-B Coxsackievirus RNA Forms Decrease PCSK2 mRNA Expression Impairing Insulin Maturation in Pancreatic Beta Cells.

Emergence of 5' terminally deleted coxsackievirus-B RNA forms (CVB-TD) have been associated with the development of human diseases. These CVB-TD RNA forms have been detected in mouse pancreas during acute or persistent experimental infections. To date, the impact of the replication activities of CVB-TD RNA forms on insulin metabolism remains unexplored.

Early plasma interferon-β levels as a predictive marker of COVID-19 severe clinical events in adult patients.

We assessed relationships between early peripheral blood type I interferons (IFN) levels, clinical new early warning scores (NEWS), and clinical outcomes in hospitalized coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) adult patients. Early IFN-β levels were lower among patients who further required intensive care unit (ICU) admission than those measured in patients who did not require an ICU admission during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infection. IFN-β levels were inversely correlated with NEWS only in the subgroup of patients who further required ICU admission.

Early Emergence of 5' Terminally Deleted Coxsackievirus-B3 RNA Forms Is Associated with Acute and Persistent Infections in Mouse Target Tissues.

Major EV-B populations characterized by 5′ terminal deletions (5′TD) have been shown to be associated with the development of myocarditis and type 1 diabetes in mice or humans. To date, the dynamics of EV-B 5′TD-RNA forms’ emergence during the course of infection and their impact on cellular functions remain unclear. Using a RACE-PCR approach in CVB3/28-infected mouse organs, we showed an early (3 days post infection, DPI) emergence of major 5′TD populations associated with minor full-length RNA forms.

Surfaces and Air Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Using High-Flow Nasal Oxygenation or Assisted Mechanical Ventilation in Intensive Care Unit Rooms of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: Understanding patterns of environmental contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for infection prevention policies.

Methods: We screened surfaces and air samples from single-bed intensive-care unit rooms of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viable viruses.

Results: We evidenced viral RNA environmental contamination in 76% of 100 surfaces samples and in 30% of 40 air samples without any viable virus detection by cell culture assays.

Asymptomatic COVID-19 Adult Outpatients identified as Significant Viable SARS-CoV-2 Shedders.

Differential kinetics of RNA loads and infectious viral levels in the upper respiratory tract between asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected adult outpatients remain unclear limiting recommendations that may guide clinical management, infection control measures and occupational health decisions. In the present investigation, 496 (2.8%) of 17,911 French adult outpatients were positive for an upper respiratory tract SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by a quantitative RT-PCR assay, of which 180 (36.

Coinfection of Parvovirus B19 with Influenza A/H1N1 Causes Fulminant Myocarditis and Pneumonia. An Autopsy Case Report.

Parvovirus-B19 (PVB19) is a frequent causative agent of myocarditis. For unclear reasons, viral reactivation can cause acute myocarditis, a leading cause of sudden death in the young. Influenza A/H1N1(2009) virus (IAV/H1N1) is known for causing flu/pneumonia, but the heart is rarely involved.

Fulminant Myocardial Involvement in Neonatal Echovirus-induced Sepsis. Two Autopsy Cases.

Group-B Enteroviruses, such as Echoviruses, are a common cause of infections in neonates but fatal myocarditis during Echovirus-induced sepsis have been rarely reported. We report on 2 cases of neonatal Echovirus-related sepsis with myocarditis. Fatal cardiorespiratory failure occurred in both cases.

Structures and Functions of Viral 5' Non-Coding Genomic RNA Domain-I in Group-B Enterovirus Infections.

Group-B enteroviruses (EV-B) are ubiquitous naked single-stranded positive RNA viral pathogens that are responsible for common acute or persistent human infections. Their genome is composed in the 5' end by a non-coding region, which is crucial for the initiation of the viral replication and translation processes. RNA domain-I secondary structures can interact with viral or cellular proteins to form viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes regulating viral genomic replication, whereas RNA domains-II to -VII (internal ribosome entry site, IRES) are known to interact with cellular ribosomal subunits to initiate the viral translation process.

Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mechanisms and population structure of Enterobacter cloacae non-susceptible to Ertapenem in North-Eastern France.

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) agents are a potential resort to treat infection due to Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum β-lactamase and susceptible to FQ. In a context of increase of non-susceptibility to carbapenems among Enterobacteriaceae, we characterized FQ resistance mechanisms in 75 Enterobacter cloacae isolates non-susceptible to ertapenem in North-Eastern France in 2012 and describe the population structure by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Among them, 14.

Discrimination between native and Tn6010-associated oqxAB in Klebsiella spp., Raoultella spp., and other Enterobacteriaceae by using a two-step strategy.

We developed a two-step PCR-based strategy to detect genes encoding OqxAB, allowing a specific assignment of Tn6010-associated oqxAB in Enterobacteriaceae. Chromosomal location in this setup was confirmed by hybridization with I-CeuI-restricted genomes. This approach led us to find that Klebsiella sp.

Mobile insertion cassette elements found in small non-transmissible plasmids in Proteeae may explain qnrD mobilization.

qnrD is a plasmid mediated quinolone resistance gene from unknown origin, recently described in Enterobacteriaceae. It encodes a pentapeptide repeat protein 36-60% different from the other Qnr (A, B, C, S and VC). Since most qnrD-positive strains were described as strains belonging to Proteus or Providencia genera, we hypothesized that qnrD originated in Proteeae before disseminating to other enterobacterial species.

A simplified and cost-effective method combining real-time PCR and pyrosequencing for detection of aac(6')-Ib-cr gene.

We previously described a pyrosequencing-based method able to guarantee detection of aac(6')-Ib-cr by characterizing precisely the single nucleotide polymorphisms leading to Trp102Arg and Asp179Tyr. By gaining in simplicity and cost-effectiveness, through the use of real-time PCR, we propose here a cutting-edge evolution of our existing pyrosequencing method.