Assessment of co-resistance to antibiotics recommended for acute pyelonephritis among Escherichia coli clinical strains from community- and nursing home-acquired urinary tract infections.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the frequency of co-resistance to antibiotics recommended in acute pyelonephritis among Escherichia coli clinical strains isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs) acquired in community or nursing homes (NHs), and to identify situations without alternatives to fluoroquinolones (FQs).

Methods: All antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results of E. coli culture-positive urine samples from females living in the community or in NHs, collected through a large network of clinical laboratories in 2020 in France, were included.

Dalbavancin plasma concentrations in 133 patients: a PK/PD observational study.

Objectives: Limited pharmacokinetics data support dalbavancin long-term use in off-label indications and the optimal dosing regimen is debated. We aimed to describe dalbavancin concentrations in an observational retrospective multicentre study.

Methods: Patients from 13 French hospitals, treated with 1500 mg doses of dalbavancin and for whom therapeutic drug monitoring was performed from June 2018 to March 2021 were included.

Qualitative assessment of the national initiative to implement antimicrobial stewardship centres in French administrative regions.

Background: In May 2020, the French Ministry of Health funded the creation of regional antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) coordination centres (CRAtb) in preparation for the new national framework for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to assess through qualitative methods the implementation process, the activities carried out, and the interactions with other regional stakeholders of the newly created CRAtb.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-method study based on a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews by French regions among implemented CRAtb.

Development and validation of a dosing nomogram for continuous infusion cloxacillin in infective endocarditis.

Background: Cloxacillin is the first-line treatment for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcal infective endocarditis (IE). The recommended dose is 12 g per day regardless of the patient characteristics, despite the importance of renal function on its pharmacokinetics.

Objectives: We sought to build a population pharmacokinetics model of continuous infusion cloxacillin in IE patients to evaluate the influence of multiple covariates and then develop a nomogram based on significant covariates for individual adaptation.

Assessment of a fully automated RPR assay (Mediace RPR) for serological diagnosis and follow-up of syphilis: a retrospective study.

Objectives: This study assessed the Mediace RPR assay, an automated RPR (aRPR), for syphilis diagnosis and serological follow-up.

Methods: Serums from patients positively screened for syphilis between January 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively selected. A focus was performed on patients with a serological follow-up after treatment and/or a reinfection.

A Short-Course Antibiotic Prophylaxis Is Associated with Limited Antibiotic Resistance Emergence in Post-Operative Infection of Pelvic Primary Bone Tumor Resection.

Resections of primary pelvic bone tumors are frequently complicated by surgical site infections (SSIs), thereby impairing the functional prognosis of patients, especially in case of implant removal. Although prophylactic antibiotics play an essential role in preventing SSIs, there are presently no recommendations that support their appropriate use. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 24 h prophylactic protocol on the bacterial ecology, the resistance pattern, and the SSI healing rate.

Antibiotic resistance heterogeneity and LasR diversity within Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations from pneumonia in intensive care unit patients.

This study investigated within-host heterogeneity of 66 Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations from pneumonia in 51 critically ill ventilated patients by examining 30 colonies per bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Differences in antibiotic susceptibility and quorum-sensing (QS) phenotypes were observed between the members of 14 (21.2%) and 10 (15.

Could Azithromycin Be Part of Acute Pneumonia Treatment?

Azithromycin (AZM) is a 15-membered-ring macrolide that presents a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and atypical microorganisms but suffers from a poor diffusion across the outer-membrane of Gram-negative bacilli, including (PA). However, AZM has demonstrated clinical benefits in patients suffering from chronic PA respiratory infections, especially cystic fibrosis patients. Since the rise of multidrug-resistant PA has led to a growing need for new therapeutic options, this macrolide has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy.

Phages versus Antibiotics To Treat Infected Diabetic Wounds in a Mouse Model: a Microbiological and Microbiotic Evaluation.

Diabetes is marked by a range of complications, including chronic infections that can lead to limb amputation. The treatment of infected wounds is disrupted by arteriopathies that reduce tissue perfusion as well as by the critical development of bacterial resistance. We evaluated the impact of a local application of bacteriophages compared to that of a administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in a mouse model of wound infection.

Comparative outcomes of cefazolin versus antistaphylococcal penicillins in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis: a post hoc analysis of a prospective multicentre French cohort study.

Objectives: Current guidelines recommend cefazolin as an alternative to antistaphylococcal penicillins (ASPs) in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis despite the lack of comparative study. The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative outcomes of cefazolin vs. ASPs in MSSA infective endocarditis.

Assessment of a Multiplex Serological Test for the Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection: a Prospective Multicentre Study.

The diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) can be difficult in the chronic stage and is based on clinical and paraclinical evidence. A minimally invasive serological test against the main pathogens encountered during PJI would distinguish PJI from mechanical loosening. We performed a prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study to assess the contribution of serology in the diagnosis of PJI.