The role of intraoperative hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in colon interposition after esophagectomy.

Background: Colon conduit is an alternative approach to reconstructing the alimentary tract after esophagectomy. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been demonstrated to be effective for evaluating the perfusion of gastric conduits, but not colon conduits. This is the first study to describe this new tool addressing image-guided surgery and supporting esophageal surgeons to select the optimal colon segment for the conduit and anastomotic site intraoperatively.

Electromagnetic tool for the endoscopic creation of colon anastomoses-development and feasibility assessment of a novel anastomosis compression implant approach.

Background: Colorectal anastomoses are among the most commonly performed interventions in abdominal surgery, while associated patient trauma is still high. Most recent trends of endoscopic anastomosis devices integrate magnetic components to overcome the challenges of minimally invasive surgery. However, the mutual attraction between magnetic implant halves may increase the risk of inadvertently pinching healthy structures.

Mapping the Binding Sites of UDP and Prostaglandin E2 Glyceryl Ester in the Nucleotide Receptor P2Y.

Cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzes the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid and the biosynthesis of prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) from 2-arachidonoylglycerol. PG-Gs are mediators of several biological actions such as macrophage activation, hyperalgesia, synaptic plasticity, and intraocular pressure. Recently, the human UDP receptor P2Y was identified as a target for the prostaglandin E2 glycerol ester (PGE -G).

Prostaglandin E glyceryl ester is an endogenous agonist of the nucleotide receptor P2Y.

Cyclooxygenase-2 catalyses the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid but also the biosynthesis of prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) from 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Previous studies identified PG-Gs as signalling molecules involved in inflammation. Thus, the glyceryl ester of prostaglandin E, PGE-G, mobilizes Ca and activates protein kinase C and ERK, suggesting the involvement of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).

Ferroic nature of magnetic toroidal order.

Electric dipoles and ferroelectricity violate spatial inversion symmetry, and magnetic dipoles and ferromagnetism break time-inversion symmetry. Breaking both symmetries favours magnetoelectric charge-spin coupling effects of enormous interest, such as multiferroics, skyrmions, polar superconductors, topological insulators or dynamic phenomena such as electromagnons. Extending the rationale, a novel type of ferroic order violating space- and time-inversion symmetry with a single order parameter should exist.

The effect of routine magnesium supplementation on fetal cardiac time intervals: a fetal magnetocardiographic study.

Objectives: Magnesium deficiency in pregnancy is frequent, and in consequence magnesium supplementation is widely used. As magnesium crosses the placental barrier and since the fetal kidney does not excrete magnesium as efficiently as the mature kidney, effects on fetal cardiac time intervals are probable, but still unknown.

Study Design: Sixty pregnant women were included in an observational study: 31 patients received oral routine magnesium supplementation.

Prevalence, symptoms and management of uterine fibroids: an international internet-based survey of 21,746 women.

Background: In 2009 the Uterine Bleeding and Pain Women's Research Study (UBP-WRS) was conducted interviewing 21,479 women across 8 countries in order to gain patient-based prevalence data on uterine pain and bleeding indications and investigate uterine symptoms and women's treatment experiences. This article shows relevant results of the study for the indication uterine fibroids providing data on self-reported prevalence, symptomatology and management of uterine fibroids.

Methods: 2,500 women (USA: 4,500 women) in each country (Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, South Korea, the UK, the USA) completed an online survey.

Factors affecting crystallization of hydrates.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive understanding of the competing thermodynamic and kinetic factors governing the crystallization of various hydrate systems. The ultimate goal is to utilize this understanding to improve the control over the unit operations involving hydrate formation, as well as to optimize the bioavailability of a given drug product.

Key Findings: The thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern hydrate crystallization are introduced and the current status of the endeavour to gain a mechanistic understanding of the phenomena that occur during the crystallization of different hydrate systems is discussed.

Fabrication and characterization of whispering-gallery-mode resonators made of polymers.

High-quality whispering-gallery-mode resonators made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are fabricated by simple mechanical turning and polishing according to a technique used by Ilchenko et al. to produce crystalline whispering-gallery-mode resonators with high quality factors (Q-factors). The high-Q PMMA resonators are investigated in two wavelength regimes: in the near infrared between the wavelengths 1470 and 1580 nm and at the wavelength 635 nm.

Structural characterisation and dehydration behaviour of siramesine hydrochloride.

In this study the crystal structures of siramesine hydrochloride anhydrate alpha-form and siramesine hydrochloride monohydrate were determined, and this structural information was used to explain the physicochemical properties of the two solid forms. In the crystal structure of the monohydrate, each water molecule is hydrogen bonded to two chloride ions, and thus the water is relatively strongly bound in the crystal. No apparent channels for dehydration were observed in the monohydrate structure, which could allow transmission of structural information during dehydration.

Influence of the solid form of siramesine hydrochloride on its behavior in aqueous environments.

Purpose: To study the influence of solid form on the behavior of the salt siramesine hydrochloride in aqueous environments.

Methods: The solubilities and dissolution rates of siramesine hydrochloride anhydrate and monohydrate were determined at pH 3.4 and 6.

Adsorption of pharmaceutical excipients onto microcrystals of siramesine hydrochloride: effects on physicochemical properties.

A common challenge in the development of new drug substances is poor dissolution characteristics caused by low aqueous solubility. In this study, microcrystals with optimized physicochemical properties were prepared by precipitation in the presence of excipients, which adsorbed to the particle surface and altered particle size, morphology, and dissolution rate. The poorly water-soluble drug siramesine hydrochloride was precipitated by the antisolvent method in the presence of each of various polymeric and surface active excipients.

Determination of surface-adsorbed excipients of various types on drug particles prepared by antisolvent precipitation using HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection.

A common challenge in the development of new drug substances is poor dissolution characteristics related to low aqueous solubility. One approach to overcome this problem is antisolvent precipitation in the presence of polymers or surfactants, which may enhance the dissolution rate through reduced particle size and increased wettability. In this study, a simple method based on size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was developed for the determination of polymers and surfactants adsorbed to drug particles prepared by antisolvent precipitation of the poorly water-soluble model drug Lu 28-179.