Patient and Public Involvement in Pharmacoepidemiological Research: An Environmental Scan of an Emerging Area.

Background: Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research is required to improve the relevance, feasibility, and interpretability. However, research on PPIs in pharmacoepidemiology (PE) is still limited. This study aimed to provide an overview of PPI implementation in pharmacoepidemiology through an environmental scan.

Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Kidney Function and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: A Systematic Review.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed medications for the management of various gastrointestinal disorders, primarily gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers. However, recent concerns have emerged regarding their potential adverse effects on kidney function and their role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the existing literature to assess the impact of PPI use on kidney function and CKD progression.

Performances of the BD MAX™ CDIFF assay for the detection of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile using Cary-Blair preserved samples.

Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a high concern because of its increasing prevalence, among both nosocomial infection and community-acquired infection contexts. A total of 1320 prospective stool samples collected on FecalSwab™ (Cary-Blair medium) were screened using BD Max™ CDIFF assay (BDM). Results were compared to the routine algorithm including immunochromatographic testing for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin A/B (tox) using C.

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to bovine herpesvirus type 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves following administration of a killed-virus vaccine and bovine herpesvirus type 1 challenge.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of calves receiving 2 doses of a dual-adjuvanted vaccine containing inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 (BVDV1) and 2 (BVDV2) before and after exposure to BHV1. ANIMALS 24 Holstein steers negative for anti-BHV1 antibodies and proliferative cell-mediated immune responses against BHV1 and BVDV. PROCEDURES Calves were randomly assigned to 3 groups.

Modification of the existing maximum residue level for deltamethrin in kale.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) submitted a request to the competent authority in the United Kingdom (evaluating Member State (EMS)) to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance deltamethrin in kale. To accommodate for the intended use of deltamethrin, it was considered necessary to raise the existing MRL. Based on the evaluation report prepared by the EMS in accordance with Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA concludes that the applicant provided sufficient data to derive an MRL proposal of 0.

Review of the existing maximum residue levels for pyridaben according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance pyridaben. To assess the occurrence of pyridaben residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Directive 91/414/EEC and under Commission Regulation (EC) No 33/2008 as well as the European authorisations reported by Member States (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, MRL proposals were derived and a consumer risk assessment was carried out.

Setting of import tolerance for flutriafol in hops.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Cheminova A/S submitted a request to the competent national authority in Spain to set an import tolerance for the active substance flutriafol in hops. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an import tolerance proposal of 20 mg/kg for crops under consideration. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of flutriafol in plant matrices under consideration.

Review of the existing maximum residue levels for bromadiolone according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance bromadiolone. Considering that this active substance is not authorised for use on edible crops within the EU, that no MRLs are established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (codex maximum residue limits) and that no import tolerances were notified to EFSA, residues of bromadiolone are not expected to occur in any plant or animal commodity. Even though information on the limit of quantification (LOQ) of bromadiolone was provided by the European Union Reference Laboratories for Pesticide Residues, the available data were not sufficient to derive a residue definition for enforcement against potential illegal uses.

Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for tau-fluvalinate in citrus fruits.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Adama Irvita N.V. submitted a request to the competent national authority in Denmark to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance tau-fluvalinate in citrus fruits.

Review of the existing maximum residue levels for triclopyr according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance triclopyr. To assess the occurrence of triclopyr residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Directive 91/414/EEC as well as the authorisations reported by Member States (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, MRL proposals were derived and a consumer risk assessment was carried out.

Review of the existing maximum residue levels for chlorpyrifos-methyl according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance chlorpyrifos-methyl. To assess the occurrence of chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Directive 91/414/EEC, the MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission as well as the European authorisations reported by Member States (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, MRL proposals were derived and a consumer risk assessment was carried out.

Levels of Circulating TIMP-2 and MMP2-TIMP2 Complex Are Decreased in Squamous Cervical Carcinoma.

Background. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) in matrix degradation and metastasis has been described in various tumors. Their action is inhibited by their natural tissue inhibitor molecules TIMP-1 and -2.

The Sample Type used Affects the Levels of Gelatinases (MMP-2 and -9) and their Inhibitors (TIMP-1 and -2) in Circulating Blood of Healthy Controls and Breast Cancer Patients.

New potential tumor markers such as matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors have been extensively studied during the last decades. The aim is to find prognostic markers that are measurable in easily available samples, such as serum or plasma. The proper sample type to use when measuring the levels of gelatinases and their inhibitors from blood samples is currently under critical evaluation.

Cystocele repair by a synthetic vaginal mesh secured anteriorly through the obturator foramen.

Objective: Our aim was to assess the feasibility and short-term results of cystocele repair by the placement of a synthetic subvesical mesh secured anteriorly through the obturator foramen.

Study Design: Between 1 November 2001 and 31 July 2002, 30 consecutive patients with a grade 2 (n = 18, 60%) or 3 (n =12, 40%) cystocele were prospectively included in the study.

Results: The obturator route was feasible in all cases.

Laparoscopic repositioning of an adjustable silicone gastric band for pouch dilatation and stoma obstruction.

Pouch dilatation with stoma obstruction is a well-known late complication after adjustable gastric banding operations for morbid obesity. Surgical treatment of this problem usually results in removal of the band, with or without replacement by another, or in repositioning of the band via laparotomy. We present the case of a patient with late pouch dilatation and stoma obstruction after placement of a Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding system (LAGB-Bioenterics) and in whom the adjustable band was laparoscopically opened, disconnected from the access port, and repositioned more proximally on the stomach.

Laparoscopic adjustable esophagogastric banding: a preliminary experience.

Background: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is an efficient surgical method in the treatment of morbid obesity. In order to reduce the number of complications, we have modified the technique to what we term 'laparoscopic adjustable esophagogastric banding'.

Methods: Between December 1994 and July 1997, 126 laparoscopic adjustable banding procedures were carried out.

Synthesis, antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor cell activities of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoropuromycin.

A procedure for the synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoropuromycin (1b) was developed. Ring opening of the lyxo-epoxide (4) or nucleophilic displacement of the 3'-O-mesylate (5) by an azide ion afforded two azido nucleosides, 6a and 7a. The major product (7a) was reacted with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) to give the 2'-fluoronucleoside (8), which was converted to the 3'-aminonucleoside (9) by hydrogenation.

[The treatment of gastroesophageal reflux using the Kaunitz technic].

The Kaunitz' procedure in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux associated with a hiatal hernia. In patients with pathological gastroesophageal reflux associated with a hiatal hernia, simple repositioning of the lower esophageal sphincter (L.E.

Portal derivation surgery in children. A long-term follow-up report.

Eight children and two adults with portal hypertension were treated by portal diversion surgery. In all cases recurrent gastro-intestinal bleeding from esophageal varices was the indication for shunt-operation. Still in early childhood, three of these patients had had a splenectomy in other hospitals: one emergency splenectomy for hemoperitoneum and two elective splenectomies for hypersplenism.

[Parenteral nutrition "à la carte" in major abdominal surgery with mixtures of Totamine concentrate and Vintène. A clinical study based on nitrogen balance].

The authors present a series of thirty patients who underwent major abdominal surgery. Each patient received preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) during bowel preparation. After the operation the TPN was continued immediately, even if reanimation was necessary.

Two-stage orchiopexy.

A number of well known complications and disorders force operative correction of cryptorchism, once the diagnosis of true cryptorchism is certain. In order to perform a successful orchiopexy, an extensive mobilization of the testis, up to the kidney, is sometimes needed. However, one can not always bring the testis down to the bottom of the scrotum.

[The use of nutritive mixtures in a surgical unit (author's transl)].

Fifty patients in whom different nutritive mixtures were used are presented. Eight solutions with increasing caloric and nitrogen contents were used. The purpose of the study was to improve the nutritional status of patients prepared to major surgical interventions.