Energy flow through the lower extremities in high school baseball pitching.

It is generally accepted that most of the energy transferred to the ball during a baseball pitch is generated in the trunk and lower extremities. Therefore, purpose of this study was to assess the energy flow through the lower extremities during a baseball pitch. It was hypothesised that the (stabilising) leading leg mainly transfers energy in a distal-to-proximal order as a kinetic chain while the (driving) trailing leg generates most energy, primarily at the hip.

Energy generation, absorption, and transfer at the shoulder and elbow in youth baseball pitchers.

Performance during the baseball pitch is dependent on the flow of mechanical energy through the kinetic chain. Little is known about energy flow during the pitching motion and it is not known whether patterns of energy flow are related to pitching performance and injury risk. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify energy generation, absorption, and transfer across the shoulder and elbow during the baseball pitch and explore the associations between these energetic measures, pitch speed, and traditional measures of upper extremity joint loading.

Hip Range of Motion and Strength and Energy Flow During Windmill Softball Pitching.

Context: Inadequate hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength (ISO) may interfere with energy flow through the kinetic chain and result in increased injury susceptibility.

Objective: To examine the relationship of hip ROM and ISO with energy flow through the trunk and pitching-arm segments during the windmill softball pitch in youth athletes. A subsequent purpose was to examine the relationship between energy flow and pitch speed.

Effects of Hip Range of Motion and Isometric Strength on Energy Flow during Windmill Softball Pitching.

Context: Inadequate hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength (ISO) may interfere with energy flow through the kinetic chain and result in increased injury susceptibility.

Objective: To examine the relationship of hip ROM and ISO with energy flow through the trunk and pitching arm segments during the windmill softball pitch in youth athletes. A subsequent purpose was to examine the relationship between energy flow and pitch speed.

The impact of exercise training on conduit artery wall thickness and remodeling in chronic heart failure patients.

Exercise training is an important adjunct to medical therapy in chronic heart failure, but the extent to which exercise impacts on conduit artery remodeling is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of aerobic and resistance exercise training modalities on arterial remodeling in patients with chronic heart failure. We randomized 36 untrained subjects with chronic heart failure to resistance training (58.

Impact of age, sex and exercise on brachial and popliteal artery remodelling in humans.

Objective: To examine the impact of age, sex and exercise on wall thickness and remodelling in the popliteal and brachial arteries.

Methods: We compared wall thickness, lumen diameter and wall:lumen ratios in the brachial and popliteal arteries of 15 young (Y, 25.4+/-0.