Pelvic venous congestion syndrome: female venous congestive syndromes and endovascular treatment options.

Pelvic venous congestion syndrome (PVCS) is a common, but underdiagnosed, cause of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women.PVCS occurs usually, but not exclusively, in multiparous women. It is characterized by chronic pelvic pain of more than six months duration with no evidence of inflammatory disease.

Subfertility: What the Radiologist Needs to Know.

The role of imaging in subfertility is well established but is changing. In addition to traditional fertility assessments, there is an emerging role for the radiologist. The role of imaging in fertility-restoring procedures in benign disease and congenital malformations is evolving, and there is a growing need for accurate identification of young candidates suitable for fertility-preserving surgery in the oncologic setting.