Do Different Sutures with Triclosan Have Different Antimicrobial Activities? A Pharmacodynamic Approach.

(1) Background: Three antimicrobial absorbable sutures have different triclosan (TS) loads, triclosan release kinetics and hydrolysis times. This in vitro study aims to analyse and compare their antimicrobial pharmacodynamics. (2) Methods: Time-kill assays were performed with eight triclosan-susceptible microorganisms common in surgical site infections (SSIs) and a segment of each TS.

Do Triclosan Sutures Modify the Microbial Diversity of Surgical Site Infections? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) report a lower incidence rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) with triclosan sutures (TSs) compared with non-triclosan sutures (NTSs). Do triclosan sutures modify the microbial diversity of culture-confirmed SSIs (ccSSIs)? If so, this would support the association between TS antimicrobial activity and the SSI incidence rate. This prospective systematic literature review (PROSPERO CRD42019125099) was conducted according to PRISMA.

Adverse drug reactions induced by cotrimoxazole: Still a lot of preventable harm.

Owing to a broad spectrum and low cost antimicrobial, cotrimoxazole is largely prescribed. However, its use is associated with various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that warrant to ensure rational prescribing. This study aimed to describe spontaneous reports of cotrimoxazole ADRs and to evaluate the quality of prescription in patients who had ADRs.

How to measure hospital antibiotic consumption: comparison of two methods from data surveillance in France.

Background: Antibiotic use (ABU) surveillance in healthcare facilities (HCFs) is essential to guide stewardship. Two methods are recommended: antibiotic consumption (ABC), expressed as the number of DDD/1000 patient-days; and prevalence of antibiotic prescription (ABP) measured through point prevalence surveys. However, no evidence is provided about whether they lead to similar conclusions.

Corrigendum to: A Major Regional Measles Outbreak: Description of Hospitalized Cases in 2017-2018 at Bordeaux University Hospital, France.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa332.].

Pulmonary tuberculosis and management of contact patients in a Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation.

Objectives: To describe the investigation, follow-up, management, and outcomes in a cohort of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) exposed to a case of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: Contacts were investigated following a concentric circles approach and followed-up according to their level of priority. In those with evidence of latent TB infection, treatment decision was based on the level of exposure, individual vulnerability, as well as the results of an interferon-gamma release assay.

A Major Regional Measles Outbreak: Description of Hospitalized Cases in 2017-2018 at Bordeaux University Hospital, France.

Background: Measles remains endemic worldwide, despite current vaccination recommendations, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We describe all cases hospitalized in Bordeaux University Hospital (BUH), the starting point of a national significant measles outbreak in 2017-2018.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included all patients hospitalized in BUH from September 1, 2017, to May 31, 2018.

Establishment of a French surveillance system of Clostridiodes difficile infection: Comparison of patient's characteristics with other national and European data.

Introduction: The magnitude and scope of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has changed with an increase in incidence and severity. The epidemiology of CDI is not well known in France due to difficulties to conduct large continuous surveillance. The objectives were to compare the characteristics of patients with CDI collected through repeated point prevalence survey via DIFTEC™, a free electronic tool, with those from previous French or European studies.

Do Contact Precautions Reduce the Incidence of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections? The DPCPYO (Detection and Contact Precautions for Patients With P. aeruginosa) Cluster-Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: The issue of contact precautions as contributory factors for reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infections in intensive care units (ICUs) remains questioned. We evaluated the impact of the addition of contact precautions to standard precautions for Pa-positive patients on incidence of ICU-acquired Pa infections.

Methods: In this multicenter, cluster-randomized crossover trial, 10 French ICUs were randomly assigned (1:1) to sequence 0-1 (6-month control period [CP]/3-month washout period/6-month intervention period [IP]) or sequence 1-0 (6-month IP/3-month washout period/6-month CP).

Randomized study of antiseptic application technique in healthy volunteers before vascular access insertion (TApAS trial).

Background: In France about 32% of hospitalized patients have a vascular access placement. However, a common complication associated with these is catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBI) due to the introduction of microorganisms from the skin during catheter insertion. There is no consensus on the best way to clean the skin prior to catheter insertion, which could be a key element of CRBI prevention.

Molecular epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected ICU patients: a French multicenter 2012-2013 study.

Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a non-clonal epidemic population structure, recent studies have provided evidence of the existence of epidemic high-risk clones. The aim of this study was to assess the molecular epidemiology of P. aeruginosa isolates responsible for infections in French ICUs, regardless of resistance patterns.

Higher third-generation cephalosporin prescription proportion is associated with lower probability of reducing carbapenem use: a nationwide retrospective study.

Background: The ongoing extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-PE) pandemic has led to an increasing carbapenem use, requiring release of guidelines for carbapenem usage in France in late 2010. We sought to determine factors associated with changes in carbapenem use in intensive care units (ICUs), medical and surgical wards between 2009 and 2013.

Methods: This ward-level multicentre retrospective study was based on data from French antibiotic and multidrug-resistant bacteria surveillance networks in healthcare facilities.

Control of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae nosocomial acquisition in an intensive care unit: A time series regression analysis.

Background: This study was undertaken to determine the temporal relationship between implementation of different interventions in an intensive care unit (ICU) and control of endemic nosocomial acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE).

Methods: This was a prospective observational study with time-series analysis of the monthly incidence of ESBLE and its predictors. In November 2007, after a 14-month baseline period, an intervention consisting of restriction of third-generation cephalosporins (3 GC) and increased use of alcohol-based hand rubs was implemented.

Aminoglycosides in septic shock: an overview, with specific consideration given to their nephrotoxic risk.

Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity has been reported in patients with sepsis, and several risk factors have been described. Once-daily dosing and shorter treatment have reduced nephrotoxicity risk, and simplified aminoglycoside monitoring. This review focuses on nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycosides in the subset of patients with septic shock or severe sepsis.

Antibiotics involved in the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: a nationwide multilevel study suggests differences within antibiotic classes.

Objectives: To identify the antibiotics potentially the most involved in the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from an ecological perspective in French healthcare facilities (HCFs).

Methods: This study was based on data from the French antimicrobial surveillance network (ATB-RAISIN, 2007-09). Antibiotics were expressed in defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days.

Direct testing of bronchoalveolar lavages from ventilator-associated pneumonia patients.

In line with a rapid de-escalation of empirical antimicrobial therapy, this study assessed the validity of an E-test-based direct specimen testing method on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) patients. E-test strips were directly applied onto Mueller-Hinton agar plates seeded with BAL samples and read after 24 h of incubation. In parallel, the BAL samples were analyzed by the routine diagnostic laboratory.

Antibiotic usage in south-western French hospitals: trends and association with antibiotic stewardship measures.

Objectives: French hospitals are urged by health authorities to develop antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programmes in order to improve antibiotic use and to decrease their consumption. We performed a longitudinal survey to describe ABS measures implementation and antibiotic use and to study relationships between ABS measures and trends in antibiotic use between 2005 and 2009.

Methods: Data on ABS, antibiotic use and activity were retrospectively collected by questionnaires sent to hospitals voluntarily participating in the south-western France network.

Severe community-acquired Enterobacter pneumonia: a plea for greater awareness of the concept of health-care-associated pneumonia.

Background: Patients with Enterobacter community-acquired pneumonia (EnCAP) were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). Our primary aim was to describe them as few data are available on EnCAP. A comparison with CAP due to common and typical bacteria was performed.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition on an intensive care unit: relationship between antibiotic selective pressure and patients' environment.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition on the intensive care unit (ICU), environmental contamination and antibiotic selective pressure against P. aeruginosa.

Methods: An open, prospective cohort study was carried out in a 16-bed medical ICU where P.