Systematic Comparison of Uremic Toxin Removal Using Different Hemodialysis Modes: A Single-Center Crossover Prospective Observational Study.

Many hypotheses could explain the mortality decrease observed using hemodiafiltration, such as reduction of intradialytic hypotension and more efficient toxin removal. We led a systematic analysis of representative uremic toxin removal with hemodialysis (HD), online postdilution hemodiafiltration (postHDF) and online predilution hemodiafiltration (preHDF), in a single-center crossover and prospective observational study. The primary outcome was the reduction ratio of uremic toxins of the three categories defined by the Eutox group.

Icteric human samples: Icterus index and method of estimating an interference-free value for 16 biochemical analyses.

Background: Hemolysis, Icterus, and Lipemia constituting the HIL index, are the most common causes of interference with accurate measurement in biochemistry. This study focuses on bilirubin interference, aiming to identify the analyses impacted and proposing a way to predict nominal interference-free analyte concentrations, based on both analyte level and Icterus Index (I ).

Methods: Sixteen common analytes were studied: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase (AMY), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (CHOLT), creatinine (CREA, enzymatic method), fructosamine (FRUC), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), HDL cholesterol (HDLc), total iron (Iron), lipase (LIP), inorganic phosphorus (Phos), total protein (PROT), triglycerides (TG), and uric acid (UA).

Unacylated Ghrelin is associated with the isolated low HDL-cholesterol obese phenotype independently of insulin resistance and CRP level.

Background: Low plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) level is commonly present in obesity and represents an independent cardiovascular risk factor. However, obese patients are a very heterogeneous population and the factors and mechanisms that contribute to low HDL-c remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma HDL-c levels and plasma hormonal profiles (insulin, adiponectin, resistin, leptin and ghrelin) in subsets of class II and III obese patients.

High density lipoprotein-anionic peptide factor effect on reverse cholesterol transport in type 2 diabetic patients with and without coronary artery disease.

Objectives: To verify if HDL3 Anionic Peptide Factor (HDL3-APF) is as an apolipoprotein that promotes the reverse cholesterol transport.

Design And Methods: We investigated a possible association between plasma HDL3-APF concentration, cholesterol efflux from Fu5AH cells and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=36), those without CAD (n=20), and 37 healthy subjects.

Results: Plasma APF concentrations were decreased in diabetics with CAD compared to controls (p<0.

Reverse modulation of the HDL anionic peptide factor and phospholipid transfer protein activity in coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: The high density lipoprotein Anionic Peptide Factor (HDL(3)-APF) was previously described as an apolipoprotein that promotes the reverse cholesterol transport. Since phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is involved in such mechanism we attempted to focus on the two APF and PLTP proteins.

Design And Methods: We recruited 56 type 2 diabetic patients with (n=36) or without (n=20) coronary artery disease (CAD) and 19 CAD patients.

Comparison of different vehicles to study the effect of tocopherols on gene expression in intestinal cells.

Recent studies have focused on the ability of tocopherols to regulate gene expression. For such experiments, the methodology used to deliver molecules to the cells is crucial and could lead to different results depending on the vehicle used. The objective of the present study was to compare commonly used tocopherol vehicles (ethanol, BSA and mixed micelles) in terms of toxicity, stabilization of tocopherols, uptake efficiency of tocopherols by cells and effect on gene expression.

[Exacerbation in asthma: definitions and immunopathology].

There is no unequivocal definition of exacerbation in asthma. These are defined as episodes of increased or aggravated respiratory symptoms or as use of oral corticosteroid therapy. Viral infection is the most frequent cause of exacerbations.

T regulatory cells in stable posttransplant bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.

Background: Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), mainly mediated by T cells, remains the major cause of morbidity and death in long-term lung transplant. Acute rejection (AR), also a T-cell mediated process, is strongly linked to OB. For unknown reasons, several patients with OB halt their pulmonary function decline and stabilize their obstructive defect for a long period.

Fasting apoprotein B-48 level and coronary artery disease in a population without frank fasting hypertriglyceridemia.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that fasting apoprotein B-48 level might be a surrogate marker of postprandial lipemia in evaluating the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a population without frank abnormality in fasting lipid profile. One hundred twenty-three patients tested by coronary angiography were selected on the criteria of absence of treatment with hypolipidemic drugs, obvious hypertriglyceridemia (>2.85 mmol/L), or other conditions that may interfere with lipoprotein metabolism except diabetes.

Anionic peptide factor/phosphatidylcholine particles promote the inhibition of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Objective: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have significant cardiovascular benefits by retarding the progression of atherosclerosis. One of the mechanisms is the inhibition by HDLs of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. Our objective was to test the effect on VCAM-1 expression by the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) of a minor HDL2 and HDL3 apolipoprotein, the anionic peptide factor (APF).

The endothelial cholesterol efflux is promoted by the high-density lipoprotein anionic peptide factor.

The prevention of atherosclerosis depends on the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) capacity to stimulate the efflux of unesterified cholesterol (UC). We tested here the effects of 2 HDL apolipoproteins, apo A-I and the 7-kd anionic peptide factor (APF), on the UC efflux by human endothelial ECV 304 cells in culture. Apolipoprotein A-I (10 micromol/L) or APF (3.

Glycemic and insulinemic meal responses modulate postprandial hepatic and intestinal lipoprotein accumulation in obese, insulin-resistant subjects.

Background: Exacerbated postprandial lipemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is linked to insulin status. Limited data on the effect of dietary carbohydrate on postprandial lipoprotein accumulation are available.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that dietary carbohydrates with different glucose availability alter postprandial lipoprotein metabolism differently in obese, insulin-resistant subjects.