The Need of Validated Disease-Specific Outcome Instruments for Spine Trauma.

This article focuses on patient-reported and clinician-reported outcome measures in spine trauma care. The measurement of the quality of care and functional and health-related quality of life outcomes of spine trauma patients has become increasingly important. However, no outcome instrument is specifically designed, validated, or universally adapted for this specific patient population.

Posteriorly directed shear loads and disc degeneration affect the torsional stiffness of spinal motion segments: a biomechanical modeling study.

Study Design: Finite element study.

Objective: To analyze the effects of posterior shear loads, disc degeneration, and the combination of both on spinal torsion stiffness.

Summary Of Background Data: Scoliosis is a 3-dimensional deformity of the spine that presents itself mainly in adolescent girls and elderly patients.