Gestures convey content: an exploration of the semantic functions of physicians' gestures.

Objectives: Gestures' semiotic role in clinical interactions is unexplored. Using theoretical underpinnings from basic research on gesture, our objective was to investigate the semantic contributions of physicians' gestures during interactions with patients with a different native language.

Methods: We analyzed gestures-speech composites in eight videotaped interactions between physicians and patients during treatment plan discussions.

Confusion in and about shared decision making in hospital outpatient encounters.

Objective: To explore how physician efforts to involve patients in medical decisions align with established core elements of shared decision making (SDM).

Methods: Detailed video analysis of two hospital outpatient encounters, selected because the physicians exhibited much effort to involve the patients in decision making, and because the final decisions were not what the physicians had initially recommended. The analysis was supplied by physician, patient, and observer-rated data from a total of 497 encounters collected during the same original study.

Spontaneous retrograde movement of ureteroliths in two dogs and five cats.

Case Description: 2 dogs and 5 cats were evaluated for treatment of ureteroliths.

Clinical Findings: Spontaneous retrograde movement of 1 or more ureteroliths was detected by radiography, ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, and a combination of fluoroscopy and ultrasonography. The ureteroliths moved retrograde up to 4 centimeters.