The relationship between discordant birth weight in twin pairs and the development of retinopathy of prematurity.

The association of low birth weight and development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is well established for singletons; however, the association of birth weight and ROP in twins of discordant weight is understudied. Using an ROP registry, we investigated whether smaller twins were at greater risk for developing any stage ROP (stage 1 or greater in either eye) compared with their larger siblings, after adjusting for birth weight and gestational age. Discordance was defined as a birth weight difference of >25%.

Association Between Systemic Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers in a Non-Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Cohort.

Background And Objective: Investigate associations between systemic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers in eyes with complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina atrophy (cRORA) secondary to non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with cRORA. OCT images and blood samples were collected at study enrollment.

Association Between Intraoperative Cataract Surgical Complications and Mortality.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between intraoperative complications of cataract surgery and postoperative mortality.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent cataract surgery at our institution from 2014 to 2020 was conducted. Intraoperative complications included choroidal hemorrhage, posterior capsule rupture, vitreous loss, retained lens, and/or severe zonular dialysis in either eye.

Elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in intermediate age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy.

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine implicated in pathological changes to the retinal pigment epithelium that are similar to changes in geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of age related macular degeneration (AMD). TNF-α also modulates expression of other cytokines including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to choroidal atrophy in models of AMD. The purpose of this study was to investigate systemic TNF-α and VEGF in patients with GA and intermediate AMD (iAMD) compared to controls without AMD.

Differences in imaging biomarkers between patients with intermediate and advanced non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the University of Colorado AMD registry.

Purpose: To quantify and compare the different prevalence rates of specific retinal imaging biomarkers in patients with intermediate AMD (iAMD) and advanced non-neovascular AMD (nnAMD).

Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with iAMD and advanced nnAMD. Imaging studies were reviewed for qualitative imaging biomarkers.

Refractive outcomes using Barrett formulas and patient characteristics of cataract surgery patients with and without prior LASIK/PRK.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to describe characteristics of cataract surgery patients who previously underwent laser in situ keratomileusis/photorefractive keratectomy (LASIK/PRK) in comparison to non-LASIK/PRK cataract surgery patients including psychiatric comorbidities, as well as describe refractive prediction error after cataract surgery while accounting for axial length (AL) using the Barrett True-K and Barrett Universal II formulas.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients from the University of Colorado Cataract Outcomes Registry. The primary outcomes were refraction prediction error (RPE), mean absolute RPE, and median absolute RPE.

Association Between Quantitative and Qualitative Imaging Biomarkers and Geographic Atrophy Growth Rate.

Purpose: Investigate associations between geographic atrophy (GA) growth rate and multimodal imaging biomarkers and patient demographics in patients with advanced non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nnAMD).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: One hundred twenty-one eyes of 66 patients with advanced nnAMD with GA enrolled in the University of Colorado AMD Registry from August 2014 to June 2021, with follow-up through June 2023.

The relationship between severe hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: Determine the association between severe hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDP) with moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants (< 31 weeks' gestation).

Study Design: Preterm birth cohort study of 693 mother-infant dyads. Severe HDP was defined as severe preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome or eclampsia.

An atlas of epithelial cell states and plasticity in lung adenocarcinoma.

Understanding the cellular processes that underlie early lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development is needed to devise intervention strategies. Here we studied 246,102 single epithelial cells from 16 early-stage LUADs and 47 matched normal lung samples. Epithelial cells comprised diverse normal and cancer cell states, and diversity among cancer cells was strongly linked to LUAD-specific oncogenic drivers.

Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

Aim: To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Data collected included the patient's health history, ocular comorbidities, operative and post-operative complications, and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

An Evaluation of the Repeatability of Visual Function Following Surgical Repair of Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of visual function assessments for patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: This prospective study included patients with unilateral macula-off RRD of <10-day duration successfully treated with a single, uncomplicated surgery at least 1 year following repair. Visual function assessments were performed at time of enrollment and 1 month later.

Cataract Phacoemulsification in People with Dementia: Characterization and Outcomes.

Purpose: To characterize cataract surgery in people with dementia (PWD) using a cataract surgery outcomes database.

Methods: Demographics, medical and ocular history, surgical characteristics, and postoperative measures were analyzed for differences between PWD and non-PWD cohorts. Patient-level data were analyzed with Fisher's Exact Test, and eye-level data were analyzed with logistic regression using generalized estimating equations to account for correlation of eyes from the same individual.

Performance of artificial intelligence in 7533 consecutive prevalent screening mammograms from the BreastScreen Australia program.

Objectives: To assess the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm in the Australian mammography screening program which routinely uses two independent readers with arbitration of discordant results.

Methods: A total of 7533 prevalent round mammograms from 2017 were available for analysis. The AI program classified mammograms into deciles on the basis of breast cancer (BC) risk.

Inducible tricolor reporter mouse for parallel imaging of lysosomes, mitochondria, and microtubules.

Cell type-specific use of the same DNA blueprint generates diverse cell types. Such diversity must also be executed via differential deployment of the same subcellular machinery. However, our understanding of the size, distribution, and dynamics of subcellular machinery in native tissues and their connection to cellular diversity remains limited.

The Relationship Between Severe Hypertensive Diseases of Pregnancy and Moderate-Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objective: Determine the association between severe hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDP) with moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants (< 31 weeks' gestation).

Study Design: Preterm birth cohort study of 693 mother-infant dyads. Severe HDPwas defined as severe preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome or eclampsia.

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Delayed Presentation of Diabetic Retinopathy Patients to a County Hospital.

Purpose: To identify risk factors and evaluate outcomes of patients with delayed presentation and advanced diabetic retinopathy in our safety-net county hospital population.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 562 patients who presented with a new diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Delayed presentation was defined as moderate or severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) at the initial visit.

Interleukin-4 Plasma Levels Stratified by Sex in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Geographic Atrophy.

Purpose: Chronic local inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causing damage to the neurosensory retina. However, there is minimal research on systemic cell-mediated inflammation in AMD. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an immunoregulatory cytokine with an important role in modulating inflammation in chronic immune mediated disease.

Visual Functioning and Mortality of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients in a Colorado Cohort.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between visual functioning as measured by the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) and mortality in patients with various stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Observational cohort study.

Participants: Patients with AMD enrolled in the University of Colorado AMD Registry between July 9, 2014 and December 31, 2021 were included.

Microbial applications for sustainable space exploration beyond low Earth orbit.

With the construction of the International Space Station, humans have been continuously living and working in space for 22 years. Microbial studies in space and other extreme environments on Earth have shown the ability for bacteria and fungi to adapt and change compared to "normal" conditions. Some of these changes, like biofilm formation, can impact astronaut health and spacecraft integrity in a negative way, while others, such as a propensity for plastic degradation, can promote self-sufficiency and sustainability in space.

An inducible tricolor reporter mouse for simultaneous imaging of lysosomes, mitochondria and microtubules.

Cell-type-specific use of the same DNA blueprint generates diverse cell types. Such diversity must also be executed via differential deployment of the same subcellular machinery. However, our understanding of the size, distribution, and dynamics of subcellular machinery in native tissues, and their connection to cellular diversity, remain limited.