The Composition of the Fecal and Mucosa-adherent Microbiota Varies Based on Age and Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Pediatric-onset ulcerative colitis (pUC) represents a more aggressive disease phenotype compared with adult-onset UC. We hypothesized that this difference can, in part, be explained by the composition of the microbiota.

Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal study, we included pediatric (N = 30) and adult (N = 30) patients with newly or previously (>1 year) diagnosed UC.

Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Incidence of Enteropathogenic Bacteria, Virus, and Parasites in Denmark: A National, Register-Based Study.

Diarrheal diseases caused by enteric pathogens are a significant public health concern. It is widely considered that close contact between persons, poor hygiene, and consumption of contaminated food are the primary causes of gastroenteritis. Clinical microbiology laboratory observations indicate that the incidence of enteropathogenic microorganisms may have been reduced in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The effect of changing diagnostic method from culture to PCR on the number of episodes of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark: a retrospective study (2015-2022).

This study is important because it shows the potential epidemiological silence associated with the use of culture as the primary diagnostic method for the laboratory identification of human campylobacteriosis. Also, we show how polymerase chain reaction methods are associated with a systematic increase in the number of human campylobacteriosis episodes as reported by routine disease surveillance. These findings are operationally relevant and have public health implications because they tell how crucial it is to consider changes in diagnostic methods, e.

Imported spring onions related to the first recorded outbreak of enteroinvasive in Denmark, November to December 2021.

Between November and December 2021, the first ever recorded outbreak of enteroinvasive in Denmark occurred at national scale. We describe the investigation of this outbreak, which was initially recognised in early December 2021. A total of 88 cases (58 female; 30 male) with a median age of 52 years (range: 0-91) were detected by PCR-based diagnostic methods.

Sentinel surveillance and epidemiology of in Denmark, 2016 to 2019.

BackgroundSince 2008, Danish national surveillance of has focused on binary toxin-positive strains in order to monitor epidemic types such as PCR ribotype (RT) 027 and 078. Additional surveillance is needed to provide a more unbiased representation of all strains from the clinical reservoir.AimSetting up a new sentinel surveillance scheme for an improved understanding of type distribution relative to time, geography and epidemiology, here presenting data from 2016 to 2019.

A positive diagnostic strategy is safe and saves endoscopies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A five-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Previously, the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) required exclusion of organic causes by extensive diagnostic testing. Newer guidelines recommend IBS as a positive diagnosis based on symptoms with limited testing. We investigated the long-term safety and impact on use of health resources of a positive diagnostic strategy compared to a strategy of exclusion in patients with symptoms compatible with IBS.

Multicenter evaluation of the new QIAstat Gastrointestinal Panel for the rapid syndromic testing of acute gastroenteritis.

In acute gastroenteritis (AGE), identification of the infectious agent is important for patient management. Since symptoms do not reliably identify the agent, microbiological diagnostics are important. Conventional methods lack sensitivity and often take days.

Ceftriaxone-resistant serotype Typhi in a pregnant traveller returning from Karachi, Pakistan to Denmark, 2019.

We describe a ceftriaxone-resistant Typhi bacteraemia in a pregnant woman returning from a family visit in Pakistan. Whole genome sequencing confirmed similarity to a Pakistani outbreak clone. Pregnancy and unawareness of this outbreak delayed appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Systematic review with meta-analyses: does the pathogen matter in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome?

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a risk factor for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). This systematic review evaluates the prevalence and risk-factors of PI-IBS after AGE by specific pathogens. Medline (1966-2019) and Embase (1974-2019) were searched for studies evaluating PI-IBS minimum 3 months after AGE with spp.

Diagnostic accuracy of the 1,3-β-D-glucan test for pneumocystis pneumonia in a tertiary university hospital in Denmark: A retrospective study.

1,3-β-D-glucan (BG), a cell-wall component of most fungi including Pneumocystis (PC), is recommended by international guidelines for screening for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in hematologic patients. We retrospectively validated the BG test in our tertiary university hospital. Forty-five patients (median age 53 years, 33% female) tested for PC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or immunoflourescence (IF)-microscopy with a stored blood sample within ±5 days of the PC test were tested by the Fungitell (cutoff <60 and >80 pg/ml).

Antibiotics: a risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome in a population-based cohort.

Objectives: Use of antibiotics affects the composition of the gut microbiome. The microbiome is thought to play a role in development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but antibiotics as a possible risk factor for IBS has not been clarified. We aimed to explore if antibiotics is a risk factor for IBS by investigating use of antibiotics and development of IBS in a cohort from the Danish background population.

Characteristics of the bacterial microbiome in association with common intestinal parasites in irritable bowel syndrome.

Objective: A low prevalence of intestinal parasites has been identified in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but potential associations with alterations in the bacterial microbiome remain largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the relationship between parasites and bacteria in individuals with IBS in order to identify potential trans-kingdom microbial characteristics.

Design: Stool samples were collected from the Danish background population classified into IBS (n = 119), unspecific gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (n = 114), and asymptomatic controls (n = 186) based on the Rome III criteria for IBS.

Laribacter hongkongensis: clinical presentation, epidemiology and treatment. A review of the literature and report of the first case in Denmark.

Background: Laribacter hongkongensis is an emerging pathogen related to gastroenteritis that can cause invasive and even fatal disease. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical presentation, epidemiology, treatment options and implications for the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Methods: We searched Pubmed using the term Laribacter hongkongensis with limitations human and language English, and identified 35 publications with eight reports on human cases.

Cryptosporidium infections in Denmark, 2010-2014.

Introduction: The incidence of cryptosporidiosis in Denmark is unknown. Here, we present the number of cases detected in the 2010-2014 period along with data on species and subtypes.

Methods: Complete national data retrieved from the Danish Microbiology Database and Statens Serum Institut (SSI) comprised test results on cryptosporidia detected by microscopy or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) between 1 January 2010 and 30 April 2014.

The prevalence of intestinal parasites is not greater among individuals with irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based case-control study.

Background & Aims: The parasites Dientamoeba fragilis and Blastocystis have been detected in feces from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), therefore these parasites may be involved in IBS pathogenesis. We proposed that a higher prevalence of the parasites in IBS subjects compared with asymptomatic controls would support such a mechanism. We aimed to determine the prevalence of these parasites in IBS subjects (cases) and controls and to identify risk factors associated with parasite carriage.

Screening instruments for anxiety and depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome are ambiguous.

Introduction: Psychiatric disorders are common among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) which may make a psychiatric evaluation appropriate. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been recommended internationally for screening. The Common Mental Disorder Questionnaire (CMDQ) is a novel Danish instrument recommended for use in general practice, but it lacks validation.

Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of intestinal parasites in Danish primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The gut microbiota may be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We studied the role of intestinal parasites by describing the epidemiology and risk factors for infection in primary care patients aged 18-50 y with IBS. One hundred and thirty-eight patients at baseline and 78/116 patients returning 1 y later, submitted faecal samples that were examined by microscopy, culture for Blastocystis, and real-time PCR for Dientamoeba fragilis, Entamoeba (dispar and histolytica), Cryptosporidium spp.

The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in Denmark. A population-based survey in adults ≤50 years of age.

Objective: Our aims were to investigate the prevalence and subtype distribution of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to the Rome III criteria in Denmark, to describe the difference in symptom reporting between those with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms not fulfilling Rome III for IBS compared to those classified as IBS, and furthermore to describe the proportion of consulters and formally diagnosed subjects.

Material And Methods: A web-based survey was carried out in January 2010. Questionnaires were emailed to a web panel (n = 19,567) representative of the general Danish population aged 18-50 years on gender, age, and geography.

Patients suspected of irritable bowel syndrome--cross-sectional study exploring the sensitivity of Rome III criteria in primary care.

Objectives: The Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are recommended by guidelines to help identify the syndrome. The majority of IBS patients are managed in primary care, where a pragmatic approach to diagnosis is usually adopted, using clinical judgment and knowledge about the patient. Many general practitioners (GPs) have no or limited knowledge of the diagnostic criteria, few use them, and many consider IBS a diagnosis of exclusion.

A positive diagnostic strategy is noninferior to a strategy of exclusion for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Background & Aims: Guidelines recommend a positive strategy based on symptom criteria to diagnose patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We conducted a randomized noninferiority trial to determine whether a positive diagnostic strategy is noninferior to a strategy of exclusion, with regard to patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Methods: We studied 302 patients (18-50 years old) from primary care who were suspected of having IBS and referred by general practitioners.

Treatment of Dientamoeba fragilis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The role of Dientamoeba fragilis in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is incompletely known. We aimed to investigate whether eradication of D. fragilis alleviates symptoms in IBS.