The role of incretin receptor agonists in the treatment of obesity.

Introdroduction: Obesity and its associated metabolic conditions have become a significant global health problem in recent years, with many people living with obesity fulfilling criteria for pharmacological treatment. The development of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for chronic weight management has triggered new interest in the incretins and other hormones as targets for obesity, and investigations into dual and triple co-agonists.

Methods: The objective of this narrative review was to summarize the available data on approved and emerging incretin-based agents for the treatment of obesity.

Spatial characteristics of non-communicable diseases and their associations to social conditions in a large urban cohort in Germany-Results from the Hamburg City Health Study.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for many deaths. They are associated with several modifiable and metabolic risk factors and are therefore prone to significant regional variations on different scales. However, only few intra-urban studies examined spatial variation in NCDs and its association with social circumstances, especially in Germany.

Obesity management: sex-specific considerations.

Obesity is a global health issue that has grown to epidemic proportions. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), overweight and obesity are responsible for more than 1.2 million deaths in Europe each year, representing > 13% of the region's total mortality.

["Treatment of obesity - State of the art"].

According to WHO, overweight and obesity are responsible for more than 1,2 million deaths in Europe each year, representing >13% of the Region's total mortality. According to the 2022 Obesity Report, it will take significant effort to get people to adopt healthier lifestyles and be more physically active. Therapeutic measures in the context of an escalating stepwise approach should include strategies for a targeted weight reduction and long-term weight maintenance.

Sustained weight loss with semaglutide once weekly in patients without type 2 diabetes and post-bariatric treatment failure.

About 20%-25% of patients experience weight regain (WR) or insufficient weight loss (IWL) following bariatric surgery (BS). Therefore, we aimed to retrospectively assess the effectiveness of adjunct treatment with semaglutide in patients without type 2 diabetes (T2D) with post-bariatric treatment failure over a 12 months period. Post-bariatric patients without T2D with WR or IWL (n = 29) were included in the analysis.

Fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) as predictive values for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increases the risk for liver cirrhosis. Noninvasive tests for NAFLD/NASH exist, but they are unreliable and thus liver biopsy remains the standard for diagnosis and new noninvasive diagnostic approaches are of great interest. The aim of this study was to test whether the serum levels of fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) could be used as a diagnostic tool for NASH.

Low-Grade Hepatic Steatosis Is Associated with Long-term Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Independent of Type of Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery.

Background: Bariatric-metabolic surgery (BS) decreases the grade of steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis in patients with severe obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mechanisms include substantial weight loss, but also simultaneous effects on glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between NAFLD and remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) up to 8 years following different types of BS.

The Potential of Semaglutide Once-Weekly in Patients Without Type 2 Diabetes with Weight Regain or Insufficient Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery-a Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: About 20-25% of patients experience weight regain (WR) or insufficient weight loss (IWL) after bariatric metabolic surgery (BS). Therefore, we aimed to retrospectively assess the effectiveness of adjunct treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide in non-diabetic patients with WR or IWL after BS.

Materials And Methods: Post-bariatric patients without type 2 diabetes (T2D) with WR or IWL (n = 44) were included in the analysis.

[Obesity - a chronic disease requiring treatment].

The globally increasing prevalence of obesity represents a key medical and socioeconomic challenge. Due to related comorbidities and complications such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, and arteriosclerosis, obesity leads to a significant statistical reduction in lifespan. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective approach to manage body weight and comorbidities while lifestyle intervention as basic obesity therapy and medical treatment often do not lead to sufficient and sustainable weight loss.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in euthyroid patients 8 years following bariatric surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) was shown to promote a decline in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in euthyroid patients with severe obesity in the short-term. Aim of the present study was to assess the effect of weight loss on thyroid function in euthyroid patients in the long-term following different bariatric procedures.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study including 135 patients at baseline, thyroid function was assessed at six time points up to 8 years after surgery.

Comparison of Anti-factor Xa Levels in Female and Male Patients with Obesity After Enoxaparin Application for Thromboprophylaxis.

Purpose: Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are common complications after bariatric surgery, and enoxaparin is commonly used to prevent VTEs. The risk for VTEs is sex-specific. Whether enoxaparin application results in similar anti-factor Xa activities (aFXa) in males and females with obesity remains to be determined.

Prevalence and risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among gastroenterological patients: a HbA1c-based single center experience - Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in gastroenterological patients.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for microvascular disease, leading to chronic kidney injury or cardiovascular disease, but there is a tremendous proportion of patients worldwide who suffer from undiagnosed diabetes. Until now, little is known about the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in gastroenterology inpatients.

Objective: To improve detection of undiagnosed diabetes, a routine screening procedure for gastroenterology inpatients, based on hemoglobin A (HbA) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measurement, was established.

Long-Term Improvement of Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation After Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Bariatric surgery (BS) was shown to improve inflammatory markers in previous short-term follow-up studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term effects of BS on chronic low-grade inflammation markers related to severe obesity. Moreover, the meaning of the type of BS procedure as well as the remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) for inflammatory status up to 4 years after BS was analyzed.

Bariatric Surgery Is Protective Against Renal Function Decline in Severely Obese Patients in the Long-Term.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the long-term renal effects of bariatric surgery (BS) in severely obese patients over a follow-up period of up to 11 years.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective cohort study including 102 patients, patients were stratified by eGFR at baseline and divided into three groups: (1) reduced, (2) normal, and (3) increased filtration rate. Adjustments for age- and sex-related decline in eGFR were performed.

Screening and management of postoperative hypoparathyroidism-induced hypocalcemia in thyroidectomized patients in the endocrine ward compared with the surgical ward.

Transient hypoparathyroid-associated hypocalcemia is a common side effect after thyroidectomy. Not only may it be life-threatening, but it also can distinctly affect length of hospital stay and treatment costs. Screening and treatment practices are suspected to differ between clinicians in endocrine and surgical wards.

Longitudinal evaluation of efficacy, safety and nutritional status during one-year treatment with the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner.

Background: The endoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) represents a novel temporary endoscopic approach for treatment of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Recent results from the German DJBL registry confirmed substantial positive metabolic effects of the DJBL in type 2 diabetes. However, the last Food and Drug Administration trial was stopped due to a high occurrence of hepatic abscesses (3.

Comparative efficacy and safety of the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case control study.

Aims: The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) is an endoscopic device mimicking surgical duodenal-jejunal bypass, and is indicated for the treatment of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus. This analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the DJBL in comparison to lifestyle changes and antidiabetic drugs.

Materials And Methods: To determine the efficacy and long-term safety of the DJBL, data concerning 235 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the German DJBL registry were analysed.

Trends in BMI, Glycemic Control and Obesity-Associated Comorbidities After Explantation of the Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner (DJBL).

Background: A novel-approach for treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is represented by the endoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL). Recent data from the German DJBL registry provide evidence for substantial efficacy of the DJBL during the implantation period in obese patients with T2DM. However, little is known about the trends of glycemic control, BMI, and comorbidities after explantation of the DJBL, which have been investigated in the registry in this report.

Development of Obesity-Associated Comorbidities Post Bariatric Surgery with a Special Focus on Diabetes Remission and Short-Term Relapse.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study a heterogeneous group of obese patients undergoing Bariatric surgery(BS) and its impact on glycemic control. Secondary endpoints include changes in lipid profile and albuminuria. BS has shown to effectively reduce body-weight.

[Adipositas - new aspects in internistic care before and after bariatric surgery].

Indication for bariatric or metabolic surgery depends primarily on body mass index. Recent study results however suggest, that other markers are more reliable predictors of metabolic success. A revision of indication criteria is therefore necessary especially for surgical therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

100 kg more or less, still the same person (and disorder): from overweight to underweight--exacerbation of an eating disorder after bariatric surgery.

Objective: To report the case of a morbidly obese 49-year-old woman with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia who underwent bariatric surgery. Because of inadequate weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy, duodenal switch as component of a stepwise treatment was performed and led to unexplained progressive weight loss and malnutrition.

Method: Case report.