Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of incident hypertension: role of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens in the E3N cohort.

Objectives: Although menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) remains the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms of menopause, its association with the development of arterial hypertension remains unclear. We sought to explore associations between different formulations of MHT and incident hypertension among menopausal women in a prospective cohort study.

Methods: We used the Etude Epidémiologique de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education (E3N) cohort, a French prospective population-based study initiated in 1990 on 98,995 women.

Hysterectomy, non-malignant gynecological diseases, and the risk of incident hypertension: The E3N prospective cohort.

Objectives: While it has been reported that women with uterine fibroids or endometriosis are commonly overweight and hypertensive, the association between non-malignant gynecological diseases and the risk of hypertension has been little studied prospectively. The aim of this study was to investigate in a large French cohort of women whether a history of hysterectomy, uterine fibroids, or endometriosis was prospectively related to an increased risk of incident hypertension.

Study Design: We analyzed 50,286 women from the E3N cohort who were free of hypertension at baseline, with a median follow-up of 16.

Association of Migraine With Incident Hypertension After Menopause: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Objective: Migraine has been identified as a potential risk factor for hypertension in prospective studies. In women, migraine prevalence decreases after menopause, but no studies have determined whether migraine is associated with hypertension after menopause. This study sought to determine whether history of migraine was associated with an increased risk of hypertension among menopausal women.

Physical activity and stroke among women - A non-linear relationship.

Studies have identified non-linear inverse relationships between physical activity and the risk of stroke. A U-shaped response has been observed between haemorrhagic stroke and physical activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between physical activities on stroke.

Associations Between Physical Activity and Incident Hypertension Across Strata of Body Mass Index: A Prospective Investigation in a Large Cohort of French Women.

Background High body mass index (BMI) and low physical activity are associated with increased risk of hypertension. Few studies have assessed their joint impact or the relation of physical activity and hypertension among individuals within a healthy BMI range. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between physical activity and hypertension across strata of BMI.

Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study.

Background: High carbohydrate intake raises blood triglycerides, glucose, and insulin; reduces HDLs; and may increase risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological studies indicate that high dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with increased CHD risk.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary GI, GL, and available carbohydrates are associated with CHD risk in both sexes.

Dietary inflammatory index, risk of incident hypertension, and effect modification from BMI.

Introduction: Previous studies have identified a positive association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and hypertension. It is not known if BMI is an effect modifier for this association, nor if the association is dose-respondent. This study aimed to assess the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of hypertension, and assess any effect modification from BMI.

Cholesterol and Egg Intakes, and Risk of Hypertension in a Large Prospective Cohort of French Women.

The relationship between egg and cholesterol intakes, and cardiovascular disease is controversial. Meta-analyses indicate that egg consumption is associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality, but reduced incidence of hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to investigate the associations between consumption of egg and cholesterol, and hypertension risk in a cohort of French women.

Clinical significance of electrocardiographic markers of myocardial damage prior to aortic valve replacement.

Background: Pre-operative myocardial fibrosis and remodeling impact on outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR). We aimed at investigating the prognostic impact of preoperative electrocardiographic (ECG) markers of left ventricular (LV) myocardial damage, i.e.

Consumption of cocoa-containing foods and risk of hypertension in French women.

Multiple randomised controlled trials have shown high doses of cocoa to reduce blood pressure and improve endothelial function. However, evidence regarding long-term consumption of cocoa and its potential effect on hypertension is lacking. We aimed to prospectively evaluate if cocoa intake from various food sources was associated with incident hypertension.

[Stratification of cardiovascular risk in women: Optimize the medical care].

Cardiovascular diseases are become the primary cause of death in women. The cardiovascular risk of the woman has unknown specificities and remains underestimated. At equal age, women have more cardio vascular risk factors than men.

[Post-menopausal hypertension: Detecting, treating, accompany, prevent].

Menopause is associated with a significant increase in arterial and metabolic risk. Systolic hypertension is common in post-menopausal women. Measurement of blood pressure should be repeated systematically at each visit.

[Gender inequalities for cardiovascular diseases].

Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death in women. Cardiovascular risk is specific and often underestimated in women. At equal age, women have more cardiovascular risk factors than men.

Blood pressure and risk of cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Several studies have reported associations of hypertension with cancer, but not all results were conclusive. We examined the association of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure with the development of incident cancer at all anatomical sites in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by EPIC-participating center and age at recruitment, and adjusted for sex, education, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diabetes and dietary (in women also reproductive) factors.

Association between reproductive factors and carotid atherosclerosis in post-menopausal women.

Objectives: Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women is specific and hormonal factors should be considered to avoid its underestimation. So far, studies on this issue are lacking and the impact of reproductive factors on cardiovascular risk has yet to be determined. We study the association between reproductive factors and carotid atherosclerosis, a non-invasive marker of cardiovascular diseases, in post-menopause.

Gender differences in clinical characteristics, medical management, risk factor control, and long-term outcome of patients with stable coronary artery disease: from the CORONOR registry.

Background: Conflicting information exists about whether sex differences modulate outcome in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to analyze baseline characteristics, medical management, risk factor control, and long-term outcome according to gender in patients with stable CAD.

Methods: We analyzed data from the contemporary multicenter CORONOR registry, which included 4184 consecutive outpatients with stable CAD.

[Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in woman: Knowing its specificities for a better management].

Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in women. Their frequency is underestimated because of their atypical feminine clinical presentation. The pathway "heart, arteries and women", initiated at Lille's hospital center in 2013, was designed to improve pluridisciplinar approaches for women.

[Optimizing medical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm: Interest of vascular centers].

Diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) at preoperative stage is increasingly frequent. It carries both a local risk of rupture and an increased global cardiovascular risk. Patients with AAA have indeed a 20 times higher risk of dying from myocardial infarction or stroke than from a ruptured aneurysm.

[Smoking and blood pressure: A complex relationship].

Hypertension and tobacco smoking are two major modifiable risk factors for atheromatous disease and its cardiovascular complications. If systolic hypertension (SBP≥140mmHg and DBP<90mmHg) is the leading risk factor for stroke, smoking (nicotine) has a more powerful impact on coronary events, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral artery disease. Smoking can transiently modify the regulation of blood pressure (BP) by a swift effect on the autonomic nervous system.

Evaluation of screening for myocardial ischaemia in women at cardiovascular risk.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in women. Prevention, screening and diagnosis are generally implemented at later stages and less frequently than in men, and provision of treatment is not optimal in women.

Aims: To assess the relevance of targeted screening for myocardial ischaemia in women with multiple risk factors, and to identify which specific factors target women more effectively.

[Coronary artery disease in women: True specificities to know in order to improve management and outcome].

Coronary artery disease is the leading death for women in Europe and developed countries. It kills seven times more than breast cancer. The number of deaths from coronary artery disease increase and affects also younger women (< 55 years old).