Sex-dependent modulation of T and NK cells and gut microbiome by low sodium diet in patients with primary aldosteronism.

Background: High dietary sodium intake is a major cardiovascular risk factor and adversely affects blood pressure control. Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) are at increased cardiovascular risk, even after medical treatment, and high dietary sodium intake is common in these patients. Here, we analyze the impact of a moderate dietary sodium restriction on microbiome composition and immunophenotype in patients with PA.

Moderate dietary salt restriction improves blood pressure and mental well-being in patients with primary aldosteronism: The salt CONNtrol trial.

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a frequent cause of hypertension. Aldosterone excess together with high dietary salt intake aggravates cardiovascular damage, despite guideline-recommended mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) treatment.

Objectives: To investigate the antihypertensive impact of a moderate dietary salt restriction and associated physiological changes, including mental well-being.

A Normalized Real-Life Glucose Profile After Diet-Induced Remission of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Trial.

Background/objective Type 2 diabetes related to metabolic syndrome is often partially reversible after weight loss. We conducted a pilot trial on whether complete remission to the point of a normalized real-life glucose profile, measured by continuous subcutaneous monitoring, can be achieved. Methods We conducted a mono-center, single-arm intervention trial between January 20, 2020, and January 12, 2021, in Munich, Germany.

A novel smartphone app to change risk behaviors of women after gestational diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Aims: Women after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are a risk group for cardiometabolic diseases but are hard to reach by conventional lifestyle programs. Therefore, we tested whether a novel, smartphone-delivered intervention, TRIANGLE, is accepted by women after GDM and alters cardiometabolic risk behaviors and outcomes. TRIANGLE targets gradual habit change of mind and emotion, physical activity, nutrition, and sleep.

Pre-diabetes, diabetes and fluctuations of glucose tolerance after gestational diabetes mellitus: 5-year follow-up of a contemporary, prospective study in Germany.

Introduction: Ten years ago, Germany started offering screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to all pregnant women. This approach revealed more but also, on average, less severe cases of GDM than the risk-based screening practiced previously. We now examined the incidence of pre-diabetes and diabetes following a GDM diagnosis in the era of universal screening in Germany and compared our results with studies in the previous period.

Association of Serum Myostatin with Body Weight, Visceral Fat Volume, and High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein But Not With Muscle Mass and Physical Fitness in Premenopausal Women.

Background: The myokine myostatin regulates muscle mass and has been linked to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, data on its role in humans is still limited. We, therefore, investigated the associations of serum myostatin with muscle mass, physical fitness, and components of the metabolic syndrome in a cohort of premenopausal women.

A Smartphone App (TRIANGLE) to Change Cardiometabolic Risk Behaviors in Women Following Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Intervention Mapping Approach.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication during pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Behavioral interventions can reduce this risk, but current solutions insufficiently address the requirements for such a program. The systematic development of a scalable mobile health (mHealth) promotion program for mothers during the first years post-GDM may contribute to solving this problem.

A Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Unrelated to Metabolic Syndrome.

Objective: Clinically, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is heterogeneous, but the prevailing pathophysiologic hypothesis nevertheless contends that components of metabolic syndrome are central to all cases of T2DM. Here, we re-evaluated this hypothesis.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 138 women from the monocenter, post gestational diabetes study PPSDiab, 73 of which had incident prediabetes or T2DM.

No deleterious effect of an additional pregnancy on glucose metabolism in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) often develop type 2 diabetes later in life. It remains unclear whether this results solely from a common underlying predisposition or, whether a pregnancy itself persistently impairs glucose metabolism in predisposed women. We therefore examined how an additional pregnancy affected different aspects of glucose metabolism in women with previous GDM.

Overweight/obesity as the potentially most important lifestyle factor associated with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19.

Objective: The occurrence of pneumonia separates severe cases of COVID-19 from the majority of cases with mild disease. However, the factors determining whether or not pneumonia develops remain to be fully uncovered. We therefore explored the associations of several lifestyle factors with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19.

Altered metabolic and hormonal responses to moderate exercise in overweight/obesity.

Background: An adequate metabolic and hormonal response to the switch from rest to exercise is critical for the health benefits of exercise interventions. Previous work suggests that this response is impaired with overweight/obesity but the specific differences between overweight/obese and lean individuals remain unclear.

Methods: We compared glucose and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) regulation and the changes of key homeostatic hormones during 45 min of moderate exercise between 17 overweight/obese and 28 lean premenopausal women.