Cardiac autonomic dysfunction and arterial stiffness among children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with stimulants.

Objective: To compare markers of cardiovascular health in youth diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by the use of stimulant medication with healthy controls.

Study Design: Children and adolescents (n = 85; mean age 11.2 ± 2.

Hyperleptinemia and hypoadiponectinemia in extreme pediatric obesity.

Background: Adiponectin and leptin, adipokines associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, have not been well characterized in extreme pediatric obesity. Therefore, levels were compared in youth that were extremely obese (EO) to normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese (OB) youth.

Methods: Leptin, adiponectin, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids were obtained in 277 children and adolescents (age 13.

Circulating oxidized LDL and inflammation in extreme pediatric obesity.

Oxidative stress and inflammation have not been well-characterized in extreme pediatric obesity. We compared levels of circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in extremely obese (EO) children to normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) children. OxLDL, CRP, IL-6, BMI, blood pressure, and fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids were obtained in 225 children and adolescents (age 13.