Compensatory behavior of physical activity in adolescents - a qualitative analysis of the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors.

Introduction: Compensatory behavior of physical activity (PA) based on the ActivityStat hypothesis in adolescents is scarcely investigated, and existing studies showed inconclusive results. Understanding the compensatory behavior in a holistic way is important as this can help to improve intervention outcomes and thus, increase the PA levels in adolescents. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the occurrence, direction, timeframe, and ratio of habitual activity compensation in adolescents.

Physical activity of children and adolescents who use a wheelchair: a systematic review.

Physical activity has numerous health benefits for people with physical disabilities. Nevertheless, activity levels are often below recommended levels. To promote physical activity among children and adolescents who use a wheelchair as their primary source of mobility, this systematic review explores the physical activity patterns of this group.

Developing a policy brief on physical activity promotion for children and adolescents.

Introduction: While there are several approaches to collect basic information on physical activity (PA) promotion policies, some governments require more in-depth overviews on the situation in their country. In Germany, the Federal Ministry of Health expressed its interest in collecting detailed data on target group specific PA promotion, as relevant competences are distributed across a wide range of political levels and sectors. This study describes the development of a policy brief on physical activity promotion for children and adolescents in Germany.

Sunburn and sun protection during recreational outdoor sport in summer: Findings from the German general population aged 16-65 years.

Background: Sunburn can increase one's risk of developing skin cancer. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of sunburn during recreational outdoor sport (ROS) in summer, to explore the use of different sun protection measures, and to examine factors associated with sunburn during ROS using a population-based sample from Germany.

Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 2081 individuals aged 16-65 years who reported being engaged in ROS in summer were surveyed via standardized telephone interviews in 2020 (National Cancer Aid Monitoring, NCAM).

Active school transport routines during school transitions: Socio-structural predictors of changes from childhood into early adulthood.

The purpose of this study is to investigate socio-structural predictors of active school transport (AST) change and to explore the stability and changes of transport modes during school transitions and into early adulthood in Germany. School transport mode, urbanicity level, socioeconomic status, and migration background were assessed in 624 children (8.9 ± 1.

Motivation and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Active Travel to Different Destinations: A Cluster Analysis with Adolescents Living in Germany.

Active travel in adolescence contributes to improved health outcomes. Self-Determination Theory suggests that motivation and basic psychological needs influence travel behavior. Person-centered approaches can examine interrelationships of these constructs underlying travel behavior.

Associations of parents' and adolescents' active travel behavior across various destinations - a sex/gender analysis.

Background: Active travel behavior such as walking and cycling is associated with several health benefits. Especially the family environment seems to be important for active travel in children and adolescents. Currently, little is known regarding travel behavior in leisure time and associations of travel behavior within parent-adolescent dyads.

Interventions simultaneously promoting social participation and physical activity in community living older adults: A systematic review.

Background: In recent years, there has been a global trend toward an increase in life expectancy and the proportion of elderly people among the population. In this regard, it becomes important to promote active and healthy aging. Physical inactivity and social isolation are both risk factors of many chronic illnesses and highly prevalent in older adults.

Compensation of overall physical activity in (pre)adolescent girls - the CReActivity project.

Background: According to the ActivityStat hypothesis more physical activity (PA) in one timespan is compensated by increased sedentary time (ST) in the following timespan and vice versa to maintain an overall stable PA level. Until now, existing literature revealed inconsistent results regarding compensatory behaviour across children and adolescents. Thus, the aim of the present study is (1) to investigate whether ST in the morning is compensated by active behaviour in the afternoon and (2) whether ST during the week is compensated by active behaviour during the weekend in (pre)adolescent girls.

Evaluating physical activity interventions for socioeconomically disadvantaged adults through the RE-AIM framework: A systematic review of experimental and non-/quasi-experimental trials.

The promotion of physical activity in people from lower social strata is a public health priority. Previous reviews of physical activity interventions among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults have focused on intervention effectiveness without considering their translation into practice. This review utilised the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) to (1) evaluate the extent to which experimental and non-/quasi-experimental trials of interventions to promote physical activity among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults report on issues of internal and external validity and (2) to provide recommendations for future intervention studies.

Scaling Up Physical Activity Promotion Projects on the Community Level for Women in Difficult Life Situations and Older People: BIG-5 and GET-10-A Study Protocol.

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for a population's health, especially among socially disadvantaged groups. Many health promotion projects focus on increasing physical activity among their respective target groups. However, because they are mostly developed and implemented under laboratory conditions, they fail when being scaled to real-world settings.

Compensation or Displacement of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies.

Regular physical activity during childhood and adolescence is associated with health benefits. Consequently, numerous health promotion programs for children and adolescents emphasize the enhancement of physical activity. However, the ActivityStat hypothesis states that increases in physical activity in one domain are compensated for by decreasing physical activity in another domain.

Active travel behaviour in the family environment: protocol for the mixed-methods cross-sectional ARRIVE study.

Introduction: Active travel is an important source of physical activity and a primary contributor to overall health among adolescents. To understand and promote active travel behaviour in adolescents, developing a more robust understanding of the predictors of active travel and its associated decision-making processes is needed. Situated within a theoretical socioecological framework for adolescent travel behaviour, the mixed-methods Active tRavel behavioR in the famIly enVironmEnt study aims to quantitatively assess the influence of several predictors of adolescent travel behaviour, and to qualitatively understand the associated decision-making processes of both adolescents and parents.

Impact of the First Wave of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Promotion in the European Union: Results From a Policymaker Survey.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for societies and governments around the world that severely affects all aspects of health promotion. This study assesses the potential influence of the first wave of the pandemic on national physical activity promotion policy in the European Union (EU).

Methods: Data were collected using an online survey among members of the EU Physical Activity Focal Point Network, which consists of government officials from all EU member states.

Changes in Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic-An Analysis of Differences Based on Mitigation Policies and Incidence Values in the Federal States of Germany.

Measures to slow down the spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 have had an impact on the daily life and physical activity (PA) of many people. Nevertheless, in Germany, mitigation policies and incidence values vary widely across the federal states (Länder). Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate regional differences in PA during the coronavirus pandemic.

How to disseminate national recommendations for physical activity: a qualitative analysis of critical change agents in Germany.

Background: Physical activity recommendations are reached by only a small part of the population. A common problem is that research findings on public health-related topics such as physical activity promotion are oftentimes not translated into practice. The involvement of relevant stakeholders, such as change agents (role models, decision-makers, and/or knowledge mediators), is a common strategy to implement physical activity recommendations in specific settings, as they have the necessary knowledge of contextual factors.

Interventions Aiming to Promote Active Commuting in Children and Adolescents: An Evaluation From a Sex/Gender Perspective.

Active commuting (AC) provides numerous health benefits and is one way to improve physical activity in children and adolescents. Boys are more likely to use active transport modes than girls. Girls and boys benefit differently from interventions that promote AC.

Social Support and Modelling in Relation to Physical Activity Participation and Outdoor Play in Preschool Children.

Physical activity during early childhood is a prerequisite for healthy development in many cases. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships of social modelling and support from parents, peers, and siblings and domain-specific physical activity participation in a nationwide sample of preschool boys and girls from Germany. 519 preschool children aged 4-6 and one of their parents participated in the 'MoMo' Wave 1 Study between 2009 and 2012.

Exploratory Determined Correlates of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: The MoMo Study.

: Physical activity is an important contributor to reducing the risk for a variety of diseases. Understanding why people are physically active contributes to evidence-based planning of public health interventions because successful actions will target factors known to be related to physical activity (PA). Therefore the aim of this study is to identify the most meaningful correlates of PA in children and adolescents using a large, representative data set.

Parental Correlates of Outdoor Play in Boys and Girls Aged 0 to 12-A Systematic Review.

Outdoor play is one major source of physical activity (PA) in children. In particular, parents act as gatekeepers, because they can enable their children's outdoor play. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of parental correlates of outdoor play.

Effects of Exercise on the Resting Heart Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventional Studies.

Resting heart rate (RHR) is positively related with mortality. Regular exercise causes a reduction in RHR. The aim of the systematic review was to assess whether regular exercise or sports have an impact on the RHR in healthy subjects by taking different types of sports into account.

Children's Independent Mobility: Current Knowledge, Future Directions, and Public Health Implications.

Environmental changes significantly impact health behavior. Active travel behavior is mostly affected by increasing motorization, urban sprawl, and traffic safety. Especially for children, active and independent travel can contribute to physical activity, social and motor development, and other health-related outcomes.

Social and physical environmental correlates of independent mobility in children: a systematic review taking sex/gender differences into account.

Background: Children's independent mobility (CIM) is an important contributor to physical activity and health in children. However, in the last 20 years CIM has significantly decreased. To develop effective intervention programs to promote CIM, the impact of the environment on CIM must be identified.

Physical Activity and Outdoor Play of Children in Public Playgrounds-Do Gender and Social Environment Matter?

Background: Few studies have delved into the relationship of the social environment with children’s physical activity and outdoor play in public playgrounds by considering gender differences. The aim of the present study was to examine gender differences and the relationship of the social environment with children’s physical activity and outdoor play in public playgrounds.

Methods: A quantitative, observational study was conducted at ten playgrounds in one district of a middle-sized town in Germany.