Infant Mortality in the United States, 2022: Data From the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File.

Objectives: This report presents final 2022 infant mortality statistics by age at death, maternal race and Hispanic origin, maternal age, gestational age, leading causes of death, and maternal state of residence. Trends in infant mortality are also examined.

Methods: Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted for infant deaths and infant mortality rates using the 2022 period linked birth/infant death file.

Births: Final Data for 2022.

Objectives- This report presents 2022 data on U.S. births by selected characteristics.

Infant Mortality by Selected Maternal Characteristics and Race and Hispanic Origin in the United States, 2019-2021.

Objectives- This report presents infant mortality rates for selected maternal characteristics (prepregnancy body mass index, cigarette smoking during pregnancy, receipt of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits during pregnancy, timing of prenatal care, and source of payment for delivery) for the five largest maternal race and Hispanic-origin groups in the United States for combined years 2019-2021. Methods-Descriptive tabulations based on data from the linked birth/infant death files for 2019-2021 are presented. The linked birth/infant death file is based on birth and death certificates registered in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Infant Mortality in the United States, 2021: Data From the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File.

Objective-This report presents 2021 infant mortality statistics by age at death, maternal race and Hispanic origin, maternal age, gestational age, leading causes of death, and maternal state of residence. Trends in infant mortality are also examined. Methods-Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted for infant deaths and infant mortality rates using the 2021 period linked birth/infant death file.

Homicides Among Infants in the United States,2017-2020.

Objectives-This report describes homicide rates among infants (under age 1 year) by selected maternal, pregnancy-related, and infant characteristics. Methods-Linked birth/infant death files based on data collected on U.S.

Disparities in Mortality Trends for Infants of Teenagers: 1996 to 2019.

Background And Objectives: Although mortality rates are highest for infants of teens aged 15 to 19, no studies have examined the long-term trends by race and ethnicity, urbanicity, or maternal age. The objectives of this study were to examine trends and differences in mortality for infants of teens by race and ethnicity and urbanicity from 1996 to 2019 and estimate the contribution of changes in the maternal age distribution and maternal age-specific (infant) mortality rates (ASMRs) to differences in infant deaths in 1996 and 2019.

Methods: We used 1996 to 2019 period-linked birth and infant death data from the United States to assess biennial mortality rates per 1000 live births.

Declines in Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy in the United States, 2016-2021.

Smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and health issues for newborns later in life (1-3). National birth certificate data on cigarette smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked before and during pregnancy first became available in 2016. These data allow for the analysis of maternal cigarette use during pregnancy by numerous maternal and infant characteristics.

Births: Final Data for 2021.

Objectives-This report presents 2021 data on U.S. births according to a variety of characteristics.

Infant Mortality in the United States, 2020: Data From the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File.

Objectives-This report presents 2020 infant mortality statistics by age at death, maternal race and Hispanic origin, maternal age, gestational age, leading causes of death, and maternal state of residence. Trends in infant mortality are also examined.

Disparities in infant mortality by maternal race and Hispanic origin, 2017-2018.

Disparities in infant mortality by race and Hispanic origin groups continue to persist in the United States. Maternal and infant characteristics known to be associated with infant mortality vary by race and ethnicity. This report describes racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality in the United States using the 2017-2018 cohort linked birth/infant death files from the National Vital Statistics System.

Maternal Characteristics and Infant Outcomes of Women Born in and Outside the United States:United States, 2020.

This report describes and compares maternalcharacteristics and infant outcomes by maternal place of birth (that is, whether the mother was born in the United States or in regions, subregions, and selected countries outside the United States) among births occurring in 2020.

Births: Final Data for 2020.

Objectives-This report presents 2020 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics.

Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Infant Outcomes by Race and Hispanic Origin: United States, 2020.

Objectives-This report presents data on distributions in prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), including the three classes of obesity, by maternal race and Hispanic origin for women who gave birth in 2020. It also examines newborn outcomes by BMI by maternal race and Hispanic origin.

Infant Mortality in the United States, 2019:Data From the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File.

Objectives-This report presents 2019 infant mortality statistics by age at death, maternal race and Hispanic origin, maternal age, gestational age, leading causes of death, and maternal state of residence. Trends in infant mortality are also examined.

Births: Final Data for 2019.

Objectives-This report presents 2019 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics.

Increases in Prepregnancy Obesity: United States, 2016-2019.

Obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 30.0 and over) has risen in the United States in recent decades (1). Obesity varies by demographic factors, such as age, race and Hispanic origin, and socioeconomic status (2,3).

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mortality Rate of Infants Born to Teen Mothers: United States, 2017-2018.

When compared with births among women aged 20 and over, teen pregnancies result in higher rates of neonatal and infant mortality, preterm birth, low birthweight, and maternal complications (1,2). Despite the declining birth rate for teenagers aged 15-19 since 1991, differences continue to occur in the mortality of infants born to teenagers by race and ethnicity and cause of death (1,3). This report examines 2017-2018 linked birth/infant death data from the National Vital Statistics System to describe the recent pattern in racial and ethnic differences in mortality and the leading causes of death for infants born to teen mothers aged 15-19.

Trends in Number and Distribution of COVID-19 Hotspot Counties - United States, March 8-July 15, 2020.

The geographic areas in the United States most affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have changed over time. On May 7, 2020, CDC, with other federal agencies, began identifying counties with increasing COVID-19 incidence (hotspots) to better understand transmission dynamics and offer targeted support to health departments in affected communities. Data for January 22-July 15, 2020, were analyzed retrospectively (January 22-May 6) and prospectively (May 7-July 15) to detect hotspot counties.

Disparities in Incidence of COVID-19 Among Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Groups in Counties Identified as Hotspots During June 5-18, 2020 - 22 States, February-June 2020.

During January 1, 2020-August 10, 2020, an estimated 5 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in the United States.* Published state and national data indicate that persons of color might be more likely to become infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, experience more severe COVID-19-associated illness, including that requiring hospitalization, and have higher risk for death from COVID-19 (1-5). CDC examined county-level disparities in COVID-19 cases among underrepresented racial/ethnic groups in counties identified as hotspots, which are defined using algorithmic thresholds related to the number of new cases and the changes in incidence.

Infant Mortality in the United States, 2018: Data From the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File.

Objectives-This report presents 2018 infant mortality statistics by age at death, maternal race and Hispanic origin, maternal age, gestational age, leading causes of death, and maternal state of residence. Trends in infant mortality are also examined. Methods-Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted for infant deaths and infant mortality rates using the 2018 period linked birth/infant death file; the linked birth/infant death file is based on birth and death certificates registered in all states and the District of Columbia.

Effects of Changes in Maternal Age Distribution and Maternal Age-specific Infant Mortality Rates on Infant Mortality Trends: United States, 2000-2017.

Objectives-This report assesses the contributions of the changing maternal age distribution and maternal age-specific infant mortality rates on overall and race and Hispanic origin-specific infant mortality rates in the United States from 2000 to 2017. Methods-The analyses used 2000-2017 linked birth and infant death data from the National Vital Statistics System. Age-adjusted infant mortality rates, based on the 2000 U.

Maternal Characteristics and Infant Outcomes in Appalachia and the Delta.

Objectives-This report compares maternal characteristics and outcomes for infants born to mothers in Appalachia, the Delta, and the rest of the United States. Methods-The 2017 vital statistics natality file and the 2016-2017 linked birth/infant death data files were used to compare maternal characteristics (e.g.