Making waves: Pulling the plug-Climate change effects will turn gaining into losing streams with detrimental effects on groundwater quality.

In many parts of the world, climate change has already caused a decline in groundwater recharge, whereas groundwater demand for drinking water production and irrigation continues to increase. In such regions, groundwater tables are steadily declining with major consequences for groundwater-surface water interactions. Predominantly gaining streams that rely on discharge of groundwater from the adjacent aquifer turn into predominantly losing streams whose water seeps into the underground.

Prevalence of symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and associated features in Swiss military recruits: a self-report survey.

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), defined as the obsessive idea that some aspect of one's own body or appearance is severely flawed/deformed, is relatively common in the general population and has been shown to have strong associations with mood and anxiety disorders and substance abuse disorders. Furthermore, a previous study on symptoms of BDD among people in the military showed that muscles are an important area of preoccupation. Hence, this study aimed to 1.

Total Synthesis of (±)-Thebainone A by Intramolecular Nitrone Cycloaddition.

Using an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition and a Heck cyclization as the crucial transformations, a total synthesis of the racemic morphine alkaloid thebainone A was accomplished in 22 steps commencing with isovanillin.

Synthesis and Activity against of Olivacine and Oxygenated Derivatives.

The tetracyclic pyrido[4,3-]carbazole olivacine and four of its oxygenated derivatives have been synthesized by a late-stage palladium-catalyzed Heck-type cyclization of the pyrrole ring as a key step. In a test for the inhibition of the growth of , 9-methoxyolivacine showed the most significant inhibitory activity against with an MIC value of 1.5 μM.

Formal Synthesis of (-)-Codeine by Application of Temporary Thio Derivatization.

Desymmetrization of a p-quinone monoacetal by organocatalytic sulfa-Michael addition provided rapid access to a C-ring building block for a formal synthesis of (-)-codeine. By means of a diastereoselective 1,2-addition for A/C-ring union, an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition for construction of the phenanthrene core, and a sulfoxide elimination, an enantiopure key intermediate of the authors' previous synthesis of racemic codeine was available in 12 steps from isovanillin.

Enantioselective Total Synthesis of 3β-Hydroxy-7β-kemp-8(9)-en-6-one, a Diterpene Isolated from Higher Termites.

The first total synthesis of the title diterpene was accomplished starting from the Wieland-Miescher ketone. A diastereoselective sulfa-Michael addition enabled the generation of the delicate β,γ-unsaturated ketone moiety, while the tetracyclic kempane skeleton was readily constructed through domino metathesis.

Developmental validation of the MiSeq FGx Forensic Genomics System for Targeted Next Generation Sequencing in Forensic DNA Casework and Database Laboratories.

Human DNA profiling using PCR at polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci followed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) size separation and length-based allele typing has been the standard in the forensic community for over 20 years. Over the last decade, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) matured rapidly, bringing modern advantages to forensic DNA analysis. The MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System, comprised of the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit, MiSeq FGx™ Reagent Kit, MiSeq FGx™ instrument and ForenSeq™ Universal Analysis Software, uses PCR to simultaneously amplify up to 231 forensic loci in a single multiplex reaction.

Synthesis of Glycoborine, Glybomine A and B, the Phytoalexin Carbalexin A and the β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists Carazolol and Carvedilol.

We describe a regioselective synthesis of 4- or 5-substituted carbazoles by oxidative cyclisation of meta-oxygen-substituted N-phenylanilines. Using the regiodirecting effect of a pivaloyloxy group, we prepared 4-hydroxycarbazole, a precursor for the enantiospecific synthesis of the β-adrenoreceptor antagonists (-)-(S)-carazolol (5) and (-)-(S)-carvedilol (6). Regioselective palladium(II)-catalysed cyclisation of different diarylamines led to total synthesis of glycoborine (7) and the first total syntheses of the phytoalexin carbalexin A (8), glybomine A (9) and glybomine B (10).

Enantioselective Synthesis of Guaianolides in the Osmitopsin Family by Domino Metathesis.

Relay metathesis enabled an improved access from (S)-citronellal to the marine trisnorguaiane (-)-clavukerin A. This hydroazulene was applied as an advantageously functionalized building block for the asymmetric synthesis of the sesquiterpene lactone osmitopsin and the proposed structure of 4,5-epoxyosmitopsin using a chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselective diepoxide opening as the key step.

Total syntheses of murrayamine E, I, and K.

We describe efficient synthetic routes to murrayamine A (mukoenine C), O-methylmurrayamine A, mahanine, O-methylmahanine, and murrayamine D and the first total syntheses of murrayamine E, I, and K. Key steps are a palladium-catalyzed construction of the carbazole framework and an annulation of the pyran ring, which is either catalyzed by phenylboronic acid or promoted by a Lewis acid.

Massively parallel sequencing of forensically relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms using TruSeq™ forensic amplicon.

The TruSeq™ Forensic Amplicon library preparation protocol, originally designed to attach sequencing adapters to chromatin-bound DNA for chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (TruSeq™ ChIP-Seq), was used here to attach adapters directly to amplicons containing markers of forensic interest. In this study, the TruSeq™ Forensic Amplicon library preparation protocol was used to detect 160 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including human identification SNPs (iSNPs), ancestry, and phenotypic SNPs (apSNPs) in 12 reference samples. Results were compared with those generated by a second laboratory using the same technique, as well as to those generated by whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Palladium(II)-catalysed total synthesis of naturally occurring pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole and pyrano[2,3-b]carbazole alkaloids.

Seven naturally occurring pyranocarbazole alkaloids (pyrayafoline A-E, O-methylmurrayamine A and O-methylmahanine) have been obtained by total synthesis using a palladium(II)-catalysed oxidative cyclisation of a diarylamine to an orthogonally diprotected 2,7-dihydroxycarbazole as key step.

A practical access to highly enantiomerically pure flavanones by catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation.

A surprisingly selective, non-enzymatic kinetic resolution of readily available, racemic β-chiral ketones enabled the title process, which was applied to a rapid synthesis of several bioactive flavanones in virtually enantiopure form (see scheme; MOM=methoxymethyl, Ts=p-toluenesulfonyl).

Functional characterization of MLH1 missense variants identified in Lynch syndrome patients.

Germline mutations in the human DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2 and MLH1 are associated with the inherited cancer disorder Lynch syndrome (LS), also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or HNPCC. A proportion of MSH2 and MLH1 mutations found in suspected LS patients give rise to single amino acid substitutions. The functional consequences in regard to pathogenicity of many of these variants are unclear.

Snapshot of the palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative biaryl bond formation by X-ray analysis of the intermediate diaryl palladium(II) complex.

Pd(II) caught in the act: The diaryl Pd(II) intermediate of a Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative biaryl bond formation proceeding via a double C-H bond activation has been isolated and fully characterized, including an X-ray crystal structure analysis. Stabilization due to chelation by adjacent pivaloyloxy and acetyl groups has allowed the isolation of this long-sought crucial intermediate. On gentle warming, the complex is transformed into a carbazole product, and the catalytically active Pd(II) species is regenerated by oxidation with Cu(II).

Total synthesis of pamamycin-649B.

The first total synthesis of the macrodiolide antibiotic pamamycin-649B (1) was achieved by using sultone methodology. The diethyl substituted larger hydroxy acid fragment was constructed in a concise fashion through domino elimination/alkoxide-directed 1,6-additions of ethyllithium to sultones derived from intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of furan-containing vinylsulfonates. Intermolecular Yamaguchi esterification of the two hydroxy acid building blocks and subsequent Yamaguchi cyclization eventually provided the target macrocycle 1.

Efficient iron-mediated approach to pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids--first total syntheses of O-methylmurrayamine A and 7-methoxymurrayacine, first asymmetric synthesis and assignment of the absolute configuration of (-)-trans-dihydroxygirinimbine.

Iron-mediated oxidative cyclisation provides an efficient approach to pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids. Thus, improved routes to girinimbine and murrayacine as well as the first total syntheses of O-methylmurrayamine A and 7-methoxymurrayacine are reported. Asymmetric epoxidation of girinimbine led to (-)-trans-dihydroxygirinimbine and the assignment of its absolute configuration.

Self-assembly of neutral hexanuclear circular copper(II) meso-helicates: topological control by sulfate ions.

Bis-pyridylimine ligands with different linking elements are capable of forming unique hexanuclear circular Cu(II) meso-helicates; the self-assembly is controlled by coordination of sulfate ions to the metal centres.

Interaction of an extended series of N-substituted di(2-picolyl)amine derivatives with copper(II). Synthetic, structural, magnetic and solution studies.

The interaction of Cu(II) with the following secondary N-substituted derivatives of di(2-picolyl)amine () are reported: N-cyclohexylmethyl-di(2-picolyl)amine (), N-benzyl-di(2-picolyl)amine (), N-(4-pyridylmethyl)-di(2-picolyl)amine (), N-(4-carboxymethylbenzyl)-di(2-picolyl)amine (), N-(9-anthracen-8-ylmethyl)-di(2-picolyl)amine (), 1,3-bis[di(2-picolyl)aminomethyl]benzene (), 1,4-bis[di(2-picolyl)aminomethyl]benzene () and 2,4,6-tris[di(2-picolyl)amino]triazine (). The solid complexes [Cu()(micro-Cl)](2)(PF(6))(2), [Cu()(micro-Cl)](2)(PF(6))(2).0.

First total synthesis of the whole series of the antiostatins A and B.

The first synthesis of the whole antiostatin family is described by using an iron-mediated carbazole synthesis, regioselective nitration at C-4 and establishing 5-isobutyl-1-nitrobiuret as a reagent for introduction of the antiostatin B side chain at C-4.

First total synthesis of clausine L and pityriazole, a metabolite of the human pathogenic yeast Malassezia furfur.

The first total synthesis of the alkaloid pityriazole is described using three consecutive palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.

Synthesis and molluscicidal activity of new chromene and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.

The chromene derivative 4 reacts with acetic anhydride, phenylisothiocyanate and ethyl orthoformate to afford the N-acetyl derivative 6, the chromenopyrimidine 8 and the formimidate 9, respectively. 2-(1H-Indol-3-ylmethylene)-malononitrile 10b reacts with 1,3-cyclohexanedione and dimedone 11a, b to afford the 4(3-indolyl)-chromene derivatives 12a, b respectively, and with the pyrazolone derivatives 13a-d to afford the arylidene exchange derivatives 14a-c and the pyranopyrazole derivative 15, respectively. The arylidene derivatives 10a, b react also with indane-1,3-dione 16 to afford the arylidene exchange derivatives 18a, b.

First total synthesis of the 7-oxygenated carbazole alkaloids clauszoline-K, 3-formyl-7-hydroxycarbazole, clausine M, clausine N and the anti-HIV active siamenol using a highly efficient palladium-catalyzed approach.

Using a convergent palladium-catalyzed construction of the carbazole framework as the key step we have achieved a short synthesis of the 7-oxygenated carbazole alkaloids clauszoline-K, 3-formyl-7-hydroxycarbazole, clausine C (clauszoline-L), clausine M, clausine N and the anti-HIV active siamenol.

Characteristics of the Danish families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is caused by autosomal dominantly inherited mutations in the MEN1 gene. Here, we report 25 MEN1 mutations - of which 12 are novel - found in 36 Danish families with MEN1 or variant MEN1 disease. Furthermore, one FIHP family was found to have an earlier reported mutation.