The effects of increased acetate turnover on glucose-induced insulin secretion in lean and obese humans.

Introduction: Increased endogenous acetate production (Ra) in rodents has been shown to activate the parasympathetic nervous system and thereby promote increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), increased ghrelin secretion, hyperphagia and obesity.

Aim: To examine whether rates of acetate turnover are different in lean versus obese humans and whether increased acetate turnover promotes increased GSIS and increased ghrelin secretion in humans.

Methods: Basal acetate Ra was measured following an overnight fast in lean (BMI: 21.