Impact of intravenous fluid administration on cardiac output and oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background: The effect of intravenous fluid (IVF) administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an unexplored factor that may improve cardiac output (CO) during CPR. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of IVF administration on CO and oxygenation during CPR.

Methods: This experimental animal study was performed in a critical care animal laboratory.

Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on additional passive ventilation generated by CPR compressions in a porcine model.

Background: Compressions given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation generate small, ineffective passive ventilations through oscillating waves. Positive end-expiratory pressure increases the volume of these passive ventilations; however, its effect on passive ventilation is unknown. Our objective was to determine if increasing positive end-expiratory pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases passive ventilation generated by compressions to a clinically significant point.

Neointimal Hyperplasia after Carotid Transection and Anastomosis Surgery is Associated with Degradation of Decorin and Platelet Derived Growth Factor Signaling.

Objective: Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is the expansion of the vascular intimal region after intervention, which can lead to stenosis and eventual failure of vascular grafts or interventional procedures such as angioplasty or stent placement. Our goals were to investigate the development of IH in a rabbit open surgical model and to evaluate the associated pathophysiological processes involving decorin and the platelet derived growth factor-BB / platelet derived growth factor receptor-β / mitogen activated protein kinase (PDGF/PDGFR-β/MAPK) pathway.

Methods: We conducted carotid transection and primary anastomosis on five New Zealand White rabbits to induce IH and examined the associated pathophysiological changes.

Pulmonary immune cell transcriptome changes in double-hit model of BPD induced by chorioamnionitis and postnatal hyperoxia.

Background: Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have lifelong increased risk of respiratory morbidities associated with environmental pathogen exposure and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The resident immune cells of the lung play vital roles in host defense. However, the effect of perinatal events associated with BPD on pulmonary-specific immune cells is not well understood.

The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on cardiac output and oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used to optimize oxygenation by preventing alveolar collapse. However, PEEP can potentially decrease cardiac output through cardiopulmonary interactions. The effect of PEEP on cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not known.

Reduced arterial elasticity due to surgical skeletonization is ameliorated by abluminal PEG hydrogel.

Arteries for bypass grafting are harvested either with neighboring tissue attached or as skeletonized vessels that are free of surrounding tissue. There are significant benefits to skeletonization, but reports suggest that skeletonized vessels may develop structural defects and are at risk for atherosclerosis. We investigated the specific short-term effects of skeletonization on carotid artery biomechanics and microanatomy in a rabbit model.

High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with Heliox decreases diaphragmatic injury in a newborn porcine lung injury model.

Background: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) improves ventilation by washing out nasopharyngeal dead space while delivering oxygen. Heliox (helium-oxygen gas mixture), a low-density gas mixture, decreases resistance to airflow, reduces the work of breathing, and facilitates distribution of inspired gas. Excessive lung work and potential injury increases the workload on the immature diaphragm predisposing the muscle to fatigue, and can lead to inflammatory and oxidative stress, thereby contributing to impaired diaphragmatic function.

Use of insulin to decrease septic shock-induced myocardial depression in a porcine model.

Insulin is known to attenuate septic shock-induced myocardial depression. Possible mechanisms include an anti-inflammatory or inotropic effect of insulin. The objective of this study was to determine whether the mechanism of action of insulin in attenuating septic shock-induced myocardial depression is through an immunomodulatory effect.

High-flow nasal cannula: impact on oxygenation and ventilation in an acute lung injury model.

Introduction: High-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) has been shown to be more effective than continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in reducing intubations and ventilator days. HFNC likely provides mechanisms to support respiratory efficiency beyond application of distending pressure. We reason that HFNC washout of nasopharyngeal dead space impacts CO(2) removal along with oxygenation.