Promoting students' safety and wellbeing: ethical practice in schools.

Although 'child safety' is now a national policy priority in Australia, there is little research exploring the in schools that contribute to children and young people's felt sense of safety and wellbeing. Drawing on a mixed-method Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery project, this article presents findings from interviews with school staff ( = 10), leaders ( = 5) and nine focus groups with students ( = 58), in primary and secondary schools in three Australian states (New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia). We employ relational ethics, recognition theory and the theory of practice architectures to explore practices at school that support student wellbeing and safety.

Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions to Improve Clinical Outcomes for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes at Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials is to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led interventions on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes. A literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using 4 electronic databases: Embase, MEDLINE, CINHAL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We searched for pharmacist interventions among adults with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in randomised controlled trials from inception to May 2021 in primary care, diabetes clinics and hospitals.

How do Research Ethics Committee Members Respond to Hypothetical Studies with Children? Results from the MESSI Study.

Hypothetical scenarios were used to assess the influence of the sensitivity of the study topic, payments, and study methods on research ethics committee (HREC) members' approval of social research studies involving children. A total of 183 Australian HREC members completed an online survey. The higher the perceived sensitivity of the study topic, the less likely the study would be approved by an HREC member.

Human Research Ethics Committee Experiences and Views About Children's Participation in Research: Results From the Study.

As part of a larger study, Australian Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) members and managers were surveyed about their decision-making and views about social research studies with child participants. Responses of 229 HREC members and 42 HREC managers are reported. While most HREC members had received ethical training, HREC training and guidelines specific to research involving children were rare.

Carer and staff perceptions of end-of-life care provision: case of a hospice-at-home service.

People requiring palliative care should have their needs met by services acting in accordance with their wishes. A hospice in the south of England provides such care via a 24/7 hospice at home service. This study aimed to establish how a nurse-led night service supported patients and family carers to remain at home and avoid hospital admissions.

The Cost of Visit-based Home Care for up to Two Weeks in the Last Three Months of Life: APilot Study of Community Care Based at a Hospice-at-home Service in South East of England.

The cost of visit-based community care based around a 24/7 hospice-at-home (HatH) service in the last 3 months of life was assessed. Thirty families completed a health and social carediary of at-home visits over two-weeks following contact with the HatH night service. Diaries captured 333 days of care provision, averaging 11 diary days per family, 708 health care professional and carer visits, lasting 604 hours at a cost of £20,192 ($24,946).

Attitudes of ageing passengers to air travel since the coronavirus pandemic.

The coronavirus pandemic has had a devastating impact on the demand for air transport. One passenger segment that has received relatively little attention is ageing passengers (defined as aged 65+), in spite of the fact that this group has been disproportionately affected by COVID-19, and in recent years has been viewed as a potential growth market. Therefore, the aim of this brief paper is to analyse the attitudes of ageing passengers by assessing air travel plans in the next 12 months, examining the factors influencing future flying decisions, and investigating the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on perceived risks and experiences associated with flying.

Feeling safe, avoiding harm: Safety priorities of children and young people with disability and high support needs.

This study explored what helped and constrained children and young people with disability and high support needs, in feeling and being safe in institutional settings. Through adapted qualitative methods, 22 children and young people aged 7-25 years shared their conceptualizations of safety, along with facilitators and barriers to interpersonal safety in their everyday lives. Key themes were feeling safe and known in relationships, minimizing risk, having strategies and the opportunity to practice these, opportunities to learn about safety and supported transitions.

Children in Social Research: Do Higher Payments Encourage Participation in Riskier Studies?

The MESSI (Managing Ethical Studies on Sensitive Issues) study used hypothetical scenarios, presented via a brief online survey, to explore whether payment amounts influenced Australian children and young people to participate in social research of different sensitivity. They were more likely to participate in the lower sensitivity study than in the higher at all payment levels (A$200 prize draw, no payment, $30, or $100). Offering payments to children and young people increased the likelihood that they would agree to participate in the studies and, in general, the higher the payments, the higher the likelihood of their participating.

Platelet microparticle delivered microRNA-Let-7a promotes the angiogenic switch.

Platelet microparticle (PMP)-induced angiogenesis plays a key role in tumour metastasis and has been proposed to contribute towards cardiovascular disease by enhancing atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. However, the mechanisms underlying PMP induced angiogenesis are ill defined. Recent reports demonstrate that PMPs deliver micro-RNAs (miRNAs) to recipient cells, controlling gene expression.

Belonging and exclusion in the lives of young people with intellectual disability in small town communities.

In recent policies, it is assumed that communities welcome the inclusion of young people with intellectual disability. However, little is known about perspectives of young people themselves. This article reports on research that sought to address this gap.

IL-36γ Is a Strong Inducer of IL-23 in Psoriatic Cells and Activates Angiogenesis.

The IL-1 family member cytokine IL-36γ is recognised as key mediator in the immunopathology of psoriasis, hallmarks of which involve the activation of both resident and infiltrating inflammatory myeloid cells and aberrant angiogenesis. This research demonstrates a role for IL-36γ in both myeloid activation and angiogenesis. We show that IL-36γ induces the production of psoriasis-associated cytokines from macrophages (IL-23 and TNFα) and that this response is enhanced in macrophages from psoriasis patients.

Patient satisfaction with nurse-led chronic kidney disease clinics: A multicentre evaluation.

Background: There is growing international evidence that nurse-led chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinics provide a comprehensive approach to achieving clinical targets effective in slowing the progression of CKD. Across Queensland, Australia, these clinics have been established in many renal outpatient departments although patient satisfaction with these clinics is unknown.

Objectives: To measure patient satisfaction levels with CKD nurse-led clinics.

IL-36γ has proinflammatory effects on human endothelial cells.

Interleukin-36 cytokines are predominantly expressed by epithelial cells. Significant upregulation of epidermal IL-36 is now a recognised characteristic of psoriatic skin inflammation. IL-36 is known to induce inflammatory responses in dendritic cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells.

The Role of Maternal Gestational Diabetes in Inducing Fetal Endothelial Dysfunction.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known to be associated with fetal endothelial dysfunction, however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study examines the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal endothelial function and gene expression under physiological glucose conditions (5 mM). Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) isolated from diabetic mothers (d.

Borderline personality pathology in young people at ultra high risk of developing a psychotic disorder.

Aim: The association between borderline personality disorder and the ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis state is unclear. The following study aimed to investigate the type of attenuated psychotic symptoms and prevalence of borderline personality pathology in a sample of UHR young people. Additionally, the study aimed to explore whether borderline personality pathology influenced the transition rate to psychosis.

Reed-Sternberg cell-derived lymphotoxin-α activates endothelial cells to enhance T-cell recruitment in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

It is known that cells within the inflammatory background in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) provide signals essential for the continual survival of the neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the recruitment of this inflammatory infiltrate into the involved lymph nodes are less well understood. In this study, we show in vitro that HRS cells secrete lymphotoxin-α (LTα) which acts on endothelial cells to upregulate the expression of adhesion molecules that are important for T cell recruitment.

A cascade of DNA-binding proteins for sexual commitment and development in Plasmodium.

Commitment to and completion of sexual development are essential for malaria parasites (protists of the genus Plasmodium) to be transmitted through mosquitoes. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for commitment have been hitherto unknown. Here we show that PbAP2-G, a conserved member of the apicomplexan AP2 (ApiAP2) family of DNA-binding proteins, is essential for the commitment of asexually replicating forms to sexual development in Plasmodium berghei, a malaria parasite of rodents.

Shaping acoustic fields as a toolset for microfluidic manipulations in diagnostic technologies.

Ultrasonics offers the possibility of developing sophisticated fluid manipulation tools in lab-on-a-chip technologies. Here we demonstrate the ability to shape ultrasonic fields by using phononic lattices, patterned on a disposable chip, to carry out the complex sequence of fluidic manipulations required to detect the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in blood. To illustrate the different tools that are available to us, we used acoustic fields to produce the required rotational vortices that mechanically lyse both the red blood cells and the parasitic cells present in a drop of blood.

An in vitro model of warm hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in human liver endothelial cells.

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion or hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) injury adversely affects hepatic function following transplantation and major resection; the death of human sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) by apoptosis may play a central role in this process. Caspase-3 is an important intracellular protease in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis.

Materials And Methods: SECs and EAhy926 cells were exposed to warm hypoxia at 37°C, followed by reoxygenation at 37°C.

The objectives and outcomes of airport privatisation.

Airport privatisation is a controversial yet growing trend that has been accompanied by an expanding quantity of related research. However there has been very little attempt to synthesise this research and identify overarching findings that single studies do not produce. Hence it is the aim here to apply a systematic review of all the results in the academic literature.

Pathogenic mechanisms in varicose vein disease: the role of hypoxia and inflammation.

Aims: Although the aetiology of varicose veins remains unknown, recent studies have focused on endothelial cell integrity and function. Among the regulatory factors of vessel tone, synthesises, pro- and anti-inflammatory, adhesion molecules and the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha), which are responsible for recruiting leukocytes, are very important.

Methods: Investigation in this study focused on the expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin and HIF-1alpha on endothelial cells using immunostaining and RT-PCR in varicose vein specimens compared with controls.

ATM and Chk2 kinase target the p53 cofactor Strap.

The p53 cofactor Strap (stress responsive activator of p300) is directly targeted by the DNA damage signalling pathway where phosphorylation by ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase facilitates nuclear accumulation. Here, we show that Strap regulation reflects the coordinated interplay between different DNA damage-activated protein kinases, ATM and Chk2 (Checkpoint kinase 2), where phosphorylation by each kinase provides a distinct functional consequence on the activity of Strap. ATM phosphorylation prompts nuclear accumulation, which we show occurs by impeding nuclear export, whereas Chk2 phosphorylation augments protein stability once Strap has attained a nuclear location.

Simvastatin alters human endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and inhibits leukocyte adhesion under flow.

Hypercholesterolaemia is implicated as an independent risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are prescribed for their lipid-lowering effects but recent evidence suggests they have pleiotropic effects independent of lipid balance regulation that may explain their role in dramatically decreasing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The mechanisms responsible are unclear but endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is critical.