Co-designing complex therapy interventions with parents as partners in the care of children with cerebral palsy: An Experience-based Co-design study in England.

Background: Parents of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy are increasingly involved in therapy intervention delivery. Enhancing the ways that parents are supported in delivery is key to optimising outcomes. This study aimed to refine an existing programme in England to better support parents partnering in their child's intervention delivery.

Infants on the move: bibliometric analyses of observational vs. digital means of screening infant development.

Neurodevelopmental disorders are on the rise, yet their average diagnosis is after 4.5 years old. This delay is partly due to reliance on social-communication criteria, which require longer maturation than scaffolding elements of neuromotor control.

Predicting mental and psychomotor delay in very pre-term infants using machine learning.

Background: Very preterm infants are at elevated risk for neurodevelopmental delays. Earlier prediction of delays allows timelier intervention and improved outcomes. Machine learning (ML) was used to predict mental and psychomotor delay at 25 months.

Sensing echoes: temporal misalignment in auditory brainstem responses as the earliest marker of neurodevelopmental derailment.

Neurodevelopmental disorders are on the rise worldwide, with diagnoses that detect derailment from typical milestones by 3 to 4.5 years of age. By then, the circuitry in the brain has already reached some level of maturation that inevitably takes neurodevelopment through a different course.

Cadence discovery: study protocol for a dose-finding and mechanism of action clinical trial of sodium benzoate in people with treatment-refractory schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is a persistent psychotic disorder often accompanied by severe disability and premature mortality. New pharmacological treatments are urgently needed. Sodium benzoate, a common food preservative holds potential to be an effective, accessible treatment for schizophrenia, though the optimal dosing and mechanism of action of the compound requires further investigation.

Fatigue Following Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

Background And Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of multidimensional fatigue symptoms 5 years after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke and identify factors associated with fatigue.

Methods: Thirty-one children (19 males) with pediatric arterial ischemic stroke, participating in a larger prospective, longitudinal study, were recruited to this study at 5 years poststroke. Parent- and self-rated PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale scores were compared with published normative data.

Multisite Veno-Venous Cannulation for Neonates and Nonambulatory Children.

Objectives: Neonates with respiratory failure are ideally supported with veno-venous rather than veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to the reduced rate of neurologic complications. However, the proportion of neonates supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is declining. We report multisite veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, accessing the neck, returning to the inferior vena cava via the common femoral vein in neonates and children less than 10 kg.

Social Cognitive Dysfunction Following Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke: Evidence From a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background And Purpose: Childhood and adolescence coincide with rapid maturation of distributed brain networks supporting social cognition; however, little is known about the impact of early ischemic brain insult on the acquisition of these skills. This study aimed to examine the influence of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) on facial emotion recognition and theory of mind (ToM) abilities of children and adolescents initially recruited to a single-center, prospective longitudinal study of recovery following AIS.

Methods: The study involved 67 participants, including 30 children with AIS (mean time since stroke=5 years) and 37 age-matched typically developing controls who were assessed on measures of cognitive ToM, facial emotion recognition, and affective ToM.

Effect of Sodium Benzoate vs Placebo Among Individuals With Early Psychosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: There is evidence that sodium benzoate (BZ) may be an effective adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia. The clinical efficacy of BZ has been investigated in chronic schizophrenia; however, the efficacy of this agent has not been studied in individuals with early psychosis.

Objective: To examine the clinical efficacy of the adjunctive use of BZ for symptoms in people with early psychosis.

Randomized controlled trial of social cognition and interaction training compared to befriending group.

Background: Deficits in social cognition are common in people with schizophrenia and are associated with impaired functioning. Finding effective interventions to address these deficits is a priority. Social Cognition Interaction Training (SCIT) is a psychosocial intervention that has demonstrated acceptability and feasibility in various health care settings.

Neonatal jaundice and developmental impairment among infants in Kilifi, Kenya.

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is common in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and it is associated with sepsis. Despite the high incidence, little has been documented about developmental impairments associated with NNJ in SSA. In particular, it is not clear if sepsis is associated with greater impairment following NNJ.

Cognitive resilience following paediatric stroke: Biological and environmental predictors.

Little is known about resilience after paediatric stroke (PS), or the factors that contribute to better outcomes. Rather, research emphasis has been on impairment, measured through cross-sectional or retrospective designs, often heavily weighted to children presenting for clinical or rehabilitation follow-up. Implementing a resilience framework, this study aimed to investigate cognitive recovery post-stroke and factors that contribute to cognitive resilience at 12 months following PS.

A randomized control trial of phototherapy and 20% albumin versus phototherapy and saline in Kilifi, Kenya.

Objective: The study evaluated the efficacy of phototherapy and 20% albumin infusion to reduce total serum bilirubin (TSB) in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia. The primary outcome was a reduction of TSB at the end of treatment. The secondary outcomes were the need for exchange transfusion, inpatient mortality, neurological outcomes at discharge, and development outcomes at 12-months follow-up.

Protocol update and statistical analysis plan for CADENCE-BZ: a randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of sodium benzoate as an adjunctive treatment in early psychosis.

Background: CADENCE-BZ is a multi-centre, parallel-group, double-blind randomized controlled trial designed to examine the clinical efficacy and safety of an accessible food preservative, sodium benzoate, as an add-on treatment for patients with early psychosis. The original study protocol was published in 2017. Here, we describe the updated protocol along with the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) for the CADENCE-BZ trial prior to study completion.

Seeking normality: Parents' experiences of childhood stroke.

Background: Incidence of paediatric stroke has been estimated to range from 1.2 to 13 per 100,000 children under 18 years of age. It is a significant cause of long-term morbidity in children with long-term impacts on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social outcomes.

Self-reported needs after pediatric stroke.

Background: Pediatric stroke has the potential for long term impact on the lives of children and their families. Child-centred intervention depends on understanding of needs from diagnosis onwards. However, little is known about the health and care support self-reported needs of this population.

Motor function daily living skills 5 years after paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke: a prospective longitudinal study.

Aim: To describe 5-year motor and functional outcomes after paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) and to explore factors associated with poorer long-term outcome.

Method: Thirty-three children (21 males, 12 females) with AIS were recruited to a single-site, cross-sectional study, from a previously reported prospective longitudinal stroke outcome study. Children were stratified according to age at diagnosis: neonates (≤30d), preschool (>30d-5y), and school age (≥5y).

A Summer Nutrition Benefit Pilot Program and Low-income Children's Food Security.

Background: Federal summer meals programs serve less than one-sixth of children that receive free or reduced-price meals during the school year. To address this gap in food assistance for school-aged children, the Summer Electronic Benefits Transfer for Children (SEBTC) Demonstrations provided summer food assistance in the form of electronic benefits transfer cards to households with school-aged children certified for free or reduced-price meals during the school year.

Methods: Over 2011-2013, the SEBTC demonstrations were evaluated by using a random assignment design.

Social functioning following pediatric stroke: contribution of neurobehavioral impairment.

Pediatric stroke can result in long-term neurobehavioral impairments including cognitive, language, and motor deficits, all of which may disrupt the normal development of social skills. This study aimed to examine specific components of social function at 5-year poststroke at a group and individual level and explore the contribution of neurobehavioral impairment. Thirty-one children with arterial ischemic stroke participated in the study.

The Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure: A predictor of outcome following arterial ischemic stroke.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between neurologic outcome at 1 month following diagnosis of pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and motor and adaptive behavior outcomes at 12 months.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal observational cohort study recruited children from a single tertiary children's hospital diagnosed with first AIS between December 2007 and November 2013. Neurologic impairment was evaluated at 4 time points using the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) or Recovery and Recurrence Questionnaire following diagnosis of AIS (acute, 1, 6, and 12 months).

A randomized waitlist control community study of Social Cognition and Interaction Training for people with schizophrenia.

Objective: Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) has demonstrated effectiveness in improving social cognition and functioning of people with schizophrenia. This pilot study examines the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of SCIT with individuals who have schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and are receiving care through a public mental health service.

Method: In a pragmatic randomized waitlist controlled trial, 36 participants (aged 19-55 years) with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were randomly allocated to SCIT or treatment as usual (TAU).

Early predictors of psychosocial functioning 5 years after paediatric stroke.

Aim: Little is known about psychological and social outcomes after paediatric stroke. This study aimed to evaluate psychosocial outcomes in children 5 years after paediatric stroke and explore the contribution of early presenting factors.

Method: Thirty-one children (19 males, 12 females) with arterial ischemic stroke were involved in this prospective, longitudinal study.

Trajectories of Motor Recovery in the First Year After Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Neuromotor impairments are common after pediatric stroke, but little is known about functional motor outcomes. We evaluated motor function and how it changed over the first 12 months after diagnosis. We also examined differences in outcome according to age at diagnosis and whether fine motor (FM) or gross motor (GM) function at 12 months was associated with adaptive behavior.