Spontaneous skull base meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid fistulas.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas are characterized by the egress of CSF from the intracranial cavity through an osteodural disruption between the subarachnoid space and a pneumatized structure within the skull base. Depending on the cause, CSF fistulas are classified as acquired or congenital, and acquired fistulas are further classified as traumatic, nontraumatic, or spontaneous. Spontaneous CSF fistulas are considered to result from a multifactorial process and have been postulated to represent a variant of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Double dissociation between visual recognition and picture naming: a study of the visual language connectivity using tractography and brain stimulation.

Background: Study of the corticosubcortical functional anatomy of reading and picture naming.

Objective: To study the role of the left basal occipitotemporal area and its white matter pathways.

Methods: Three patients underwent awake surgery for lesions in the left basal posterotemporal region with intraoperative electrostimulations.

Clinical response to methylphenidate in a patient with self-induced photosensitive epilepsy.

The classification of epilepsy includes a group of generalized idiopathic epilepsies that are triggered by a specific mode of activation, known as reflex epilepsies. Photosensitive epilepsy is the most common type. Some patients with photosensitive epilepsy use this sensitivity to induce seizures or epileptiform discharges on the electroencephalogram.