Ocular examinations before and after total ear canal ablation and bulla osteotomy can help recognize and prevent potential vision-threatening abnormalities in cats and dogs.

Objective: To report ocular examination findings before and after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy (TECALBO) and ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) in cats and dogs.

Methods: At The Ohio State University and MedVet Columbus, ophthalmic examinations were performed on client-owned animals for which a TECALBO or VBO was indicated. Examination findings and postoperative complications relating to ophthalmic and/or neuro-ophthalmic diseases were recorded prior to surgery (T0) and at 1 day (T1), 2 to 3 weeks (T14), and ± 2 months (T60) postoperatively.

ASSESSMENT OF OPHTHALMIC DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETERS, CONJUNCTIVAL FLORA, AND PHARMACOLOGIC DILATION OF A LARGE POPULATION OF JUVENILE AMERICAN ALLIGATORS ().

American alligators () are an important apex predator of semiaquatic habitats of the southern United States. Commercial alligator farming has grown in the last several decades, leading to a need to understand the health conditions that affect this species to ensure appropriate management and welfare. The aims of this study were 1) to establish and describe normative data including results of common ophthalmic diagnostic tests and conjunctival flora, 2) document ocular pathology in this population, and 3) assess the effect of topical rocuronium bromide and 10% phenylephrine for facilitating pharmacologic mydriasis.

Equine intraocular melanocytic neoplasia.

Objective: To describe the clinical appearance, histopathology, and treatment of equine intraocular melanocytic neoplasia in adult horses.

Animals And Procedure: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted. Data recorded included signalment, ocular examination findings, physical examination findings, therapeutic interventions, and case outcomes.

Case report: Management and long-term ophthalmic sequelae of monogenean ocular infestation in cownose rays ().

Monogenean ectoparasitic flatworm infestations, particularly in closely confined populations, can result in severe epizootic disease that is often devastating and occasionally fatal. This case series describes a population of cownose rays () ( = 52) housed in an aquarium touch-tank exhibit that presented with severe ocular disease due to infestation with monogeneans, presumably of the Capsilidae family. The most severely affected individuals ( = 9), including several cases with bilaterally ruptured corneas, underwent serial examinations prior to and following treatment with praziquantel, systemic antibiotics, and corticosteroids.

Evaluation of a commercial NGS service for detection of bacterial and fungal pathogens in infectious ulcerative keratitis.

Objectives: To compare results from a commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) service to corneal cytology and culture for identification of causative organisms in veterinary patients presenting for infectious ulcerative keratitis (IUK).

Procedure: Swabs for corneal aerobic and fungal cultures and DNA swabs for NGS were submitted for canine and equine normal controls (n = 11 and n = 4, respectively) and IUK patients (n = 22 and n = 8, respectively) for which microbrush cytology specimens confirmed the presence of infectious organisms. The sensitivity of the NGS results was compared with bacterial and fungal culture results.

Effects of gabapentin and trazodone on electroretinographic responses in clinically normal dogs.

Objective: To compare electroretinographic (ERG) responses obtained in dogs before and after oral administration of gabapentin, trazodone, and a combination of both medications.

Animals: 12 clinically normal dogs.

Procedures: A short-protocol ERG with 20 minutes of dark adaption was recorded for all dogs to establish baseline ERG responses.

Cataracts and phacoemulsification in the Siberian Husky: A retrospective and multicentric study (2008-2018).

Purpose: To compare cataract characteristics and complications related to cataracts and phacoemulsification in the Siberian Husky (Huskies) versus other canine breeds (non-Huskies).

Animals: A total of 50 Huskies (92 eyes) and 96 non-Huskies (182 eyes) were evaluated.

Methods: Medical records of Huskies (at four university veterinary hospitals, 2008-2018) and non-Huskies (Colorado State University, 2017-2018) diagnosed with cataracts were reviewed.

The effect of central corneal thickness on intraocular pressure values using various tonometers in the dog.

Objective: To compare intraocular pressure readings from three different tonometers, the Tono-Pen AVIA® (TP), TonoVet® (TV) and TonoVet Plus® (TV+) and to determine how measurements from each tonometer are affected by central corneal thickness (CCT).

Animals: Ninety dogs.

Procedures: Normal dogs and dogs with ocular disease were selected for study inclusion.

Using minimum inhibitory concentration values of common topical antibiotics to investigate emerging antibiotic resistance: A retrospective study of 134 dogs and 20 horses with ulcerative keratitis.

Objectives: To identify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution for commonly used topical antibiotics from isolates of dogs and horses with ulcerative bacterial keratitis, and to investigate changes in MIC values over time and following treatment with topical fluoroquinolones.

Animals Studied: One hundred thirty-four client-owned dogs and 20 client-owned horses with bacterial ulcerative keratitis.

Procedure: Minimum inhibitory concentration values for 14 topical antibiotics were reported for canine and equine cases of bacterial ulcerative keratitis between 2013 and 2018.

Cause and Treatment of Exophthalmos in Aged Cotton Rats ().

Aged cotton rats () from an established breeding colony displayed signs of spontaneous exophthalmos. Of a total of 118 colony animals that were older than 6 mo of age, 37 (31%) displayed signs of exophthalmos. These rats were clinically healthy and had no other signs of disease.

Determination of trypan blue efficacy in the mitigation of ex vivo canine PCO formation.

Purpose: To determine whether trypan blue (TB) reduces canine lens epithelial cell (LEC) or corneal endothelial cell (CEC) viability in vitro; if cell death is noted, to subsequently evaluate the molecular mechanism.

Methods: Cellular viability was determined using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. In TB-treated LECs, caspase 3/7 activity was assessed to evaluate apoptosis; autophagy was evaluated using immunoblotting against LC3 and p62.

MG53 promotes corneal wound healing and mitigates fibrotic remodeling in rodents.

The cornea plays an important role in transmitting light and providing protection to the eye, but is susceptible to injury and infection. Standard treatments for corneal wounds include topical lubricants, antibiotics, bandage contact lens, and surgery. However, these measures are often ineffective.

Effects of grape seed extract, lutein, and fish oil on responses of canine lens epithelial cells in vitro.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of grape seed extract (GSE), lutein, and fish oil containing omega-3 fatty acids on oxidative stress, migration, proliferation, and viability of lens epithelial cells (LECs). SAMPLE Lens capsules or cultured LECs obtained from canine cadavers. PROCEDURES An antioxidant reductive capacity assay was used to determine reducing capability of each substance.

Objective evaluation of the systemic effects of topical application of 1% atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution in healthy horses.

OBJECTIVE To determine the safety of topical administration of 1% atropine ophthalmic solution in healthy horses by objectively measuring gastrointestinal transit time. DESIGN Randomized, masked, controlled crossover study. ANIMALS 6 adult geldings.

An association between systemic cyclosporine administration and development of acute bullous keratopathy in cats.

Objective: To determine whether any association exists between the onset of feline acute bullous keratopathy (ABK) and administration of systemic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy.

Animals Studied: Medical records of cats diagnosed with ABK between the years of 2000 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Breed, age at diagnosis, weight, systemic disease status, eye affected, ophthalmic examination findings, systemic and topical therapy instituted, dosage and duration of therapy, visual outcome and histopathological analyses were recorded in cases meeting the inclusion criteria.

Retrospective study of the prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs after phacoemulsification.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs following phacoemulsification.

Procedures: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, body weight, diabetes status, and STT at the preoperative and all postoperative examinations. A clinical diagnosis of KCS was defined as a STT <15 mm/min with compatible clinical signs.

Safety study of capsular tension ring use in canine phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.

Objective: To evaluate and compare surgical outcome and complications in canine eyes with stable, cataractous lenses undergoing routine phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with or without implantation of a capsular tension ring device (CTR).

Procedures: Dogs undergoing routine bilateral phacoemulsification and IOL implantation had one eye randomly chosen to have a CTR (47 eyes) inserted while the contralateral eye served as a control (47 eyes). The CTR was placed in the capsular bag following phacoemulsification and immediately prior to IOL implantation.

The location of sites and effect of semiconductor diode trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation on the buphthalmic equine globe.

Purpose: To determine appropriate location and energy settings for trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) for buphthalmic equine globes.

Animals: Eleven horses with a buphthalmic eye blinded by glaucoma presented for enucleation.

Methods: Globe and corneal dimensions were measured via ultrasonography and calipers, and TSCPC was performed under general anesthesia immediately prior to enucleation.

Corneal dystrophy in Friesian horses may represent a variant of pellucid marginal degeneration.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of a corneal dystrophy in Friesian horses and to analyze affected horses' pedigrees to investigate its heritability.

Animals: Nine Friesians with bilateral disease were identified.

Procedure: Retrospective medical record review was used to identify Friesian horses exhibiting bilateral symmetric corneal lesions.

Effects of pulsed fluid lens capsule washing following phacoemulsification on lens epithelial cells and posterior capsule opacification formation ex vivo.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate ex vivo the effects of using a custom tip to direct a pulsed stream of fluid to remove residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) and reduce posterior capsule opacification (PCO) formation following phacoemulsification.

Methods: Twenty-four canine cadaver eyes were assigned to one of three treatment groups. Six eyes (Control Group) had standard phacoemulsification only, nine eyes (Group 1) had standard phacoemulsification followed by capsular washing using intermediate settings (power = 40%, pulses per second [PPS] = 50, 30 s washing per capsule hemisphere), and nine eyes (Group 2) had standard phacoemulsification followed by aggressive capsular washing (power = 60%, PPS = 50, 60 s washing per capsule hemisphere).

Trans-corneal reduction of anterior lens luxation in dogs with lens instability: a retrospective study of 19 dogs (2010-2013).

Objective: To evaluate the success rate and outcome of trans-corneal reduction of anterior lens luxation (TR-ALL) in dogs with lens instability.

Animals Studied: Nineteen dogs with anterior lens luxation.

Procedures: Medical records of dogs with anterior lens luxation (ALL) were reviewed: dogs were included if TR-ALL was performed followed by medical therapy in the form of topical 0.

Equine glaucoma: a histopathologic retrospective study (1999-2012).

Purpose: To characterize and describe the histopathologic findings in equine globes enucleated due to glaucoma.

Methods: Medical records at The Ohio State University from 1999 to 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Signalment, history, and treatment data were collected, and histologic slides of enucleated globes were examined and lesions recorded.

Serum levels of intravitreal bevacizumab after vitrectomy, lensectomy and non-surgical controls.

Purpose: To determine serum level differences of intravitreally-placed bevacizumab after vitrectomy and lensectomy-vitrectomy and to compare these with non-operated eyes in a rabbit model.

Methods: Five Dutch-belted rabbits underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), five rabbits underwent pars plana lensectomy (PPL) and five rabbits served as non-surgical controls. Twelve days following the surgical procedures, each operated eye underwent an intravitreal injection consisting of 1.

Induction of posterior capsule opacification by hyaluronic acid in an ex vivo model.

Purpose: Because hyaluronic acid (HA) is found in many surgical viscoelastic agents, this study aimed to determine (1) if HA receptors are present in the canine lens, (2) if the rate of lens epithelial cell (LEC) migration is altered following treatment with HA, and (3) if introduction of exogenous HA into the lens capsule promotes lenticular migration, thus contributing to posterior capsule opacification (PCO).

Methods: Normal and cataractous canine LECs were evaluated for expression of the HA receptor CD44 and the receptor for HA mediated motility (RHAMM) using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real-time PCR. Canine LEC were treated with various concentrations of HA, and induction of migration was monitored over time.