Gliosarcoma: Neuroimaging and Immunohistochemical Findings.

Background And Purpose: Gliosarcoma (GSC) is an intra-axial lesion which often abuts a dural margin and is composed of glial and mesenchymal elements. This lesion is considered a variant of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild type glioblastoma (GBM). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the imaging and molecular features of GSC in a large patient cohort.

Scalp Arteriovenous Malformation with Concomitant, Flow-Dependent Malformation and Aneurysm.

Background: Scalp arteriovenous malformations (sAVMs) are well-described congenital abnormalities for which co-occurrence with other vascular pathologies significantly alters management strategies. The authors describe a case in which congenital sAVM was found with concomitant intracranial, flow-dependent vascular malformation and schizencephalic developmental anomaly.

Case Description: A 21-year-old man presented with a right-sided bruit and an enlarging palpable, pulsatile scalp mass.

Peritumoral cysts associated with pituitary macroadenoma.

Object: Peritumoral cysts are benign nonneoplastic cysts that are found adjacent to extraaxial brain tumors such as meningiomas, schwannomas, craniopharyngiomas, and esthesioneuroblastomas. Peritumoral cysts associated with pituitary macroadenomas have not been previously described in the literature. The authors report 6 cases of giant macroadenoma-associated peritumoral cysts and delineate their imaging spectrum.

Giant ecchordosis physaliphora in an adolescent girl: case report.

The authors describe a rare case of giant ecchordosis physaliphora (EP) in a 16-year-old female patient who presented with diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with Gd contrast revealed a 3.0 × 1.

Masses and malformations of the third ventricle: normal anatomic relationships and differential diagnoses.

The third ventricle lies in the center of the brain. It is surrounded by critical nuclear structures (the hypothalamus and thalami) and important glandular structures (the pituitary and pineal glands). Although a wide array of pathologic processes may involve the third ventricle, most are extrinsic masses.

Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of medulloblastoma.

Introduction: Two medulloblastoma variants were recently added to the WHO classification of CNS tumours. We retrospectively analysed the imaging findings of 37 classic and 27 cases of variant medulloblastomas to identify imaging characteristics that might suggest a particular MB subtype.

Methods: Sixty-four patients from three institutions were included.

Capillary telangiectasias: clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features. Clinical article.

Object: Brain capillary telangiectasias (BCTs) are small, clinically benign, angiographically occult lesions that are usually incidental findings. Large capillary telangiectasias have not been reported previously as most BCTs are very small. Symptomatic BCTs are also rare, with few reports in the literature.

Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic Rathke cleft cysts mimicking pituitary apoplexy.

Objectives: Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are infrequently symptomatic, and apoplexy is one of the most unusual presentations. Only a few cases of apoplexy associated with RCCs have been reported, and their clinical, imaging, surgical, and pathological features are poorly understood. In the cases that have been reported, intracystic hemorrhage has been a consistent finding.

Anatomic and pathologic spectrum of pituitary infundibulum lesions.

Objective: The pathologic spectrum of pituitary infundibulum disease is diverse. We reviewed 65 infundibular lesions in 44 adult and 21 pediatric patients and summarized their imaging features and clinical presentation.

Conclusion: The spectrum of pathology involving the pituitary infundibulum is broad yet distinct from other pathology in the sella and parasellar region.

Neuroradiologic characteristics of astroblastoma.

Introduction: Astroblastoma is a rare glial tumor of uncertain origin. Only a few scattered case reports and one small case series have described the radiologic appearance of this uncommon tumor. Many features previously identified are similar to those of other primary malignant brain tumors.

Intracranial cysts: radiologic-pathologic correlation and imaging approach.

Cysts and cystic-appearing intracranial masses have a broad imaging and pathologic spectra. The authors review the pathologic findings, origin, radiologic appearance, and differential diagnosis of many different intracranial cysts. A diagnostic algorithm based on most common anatomic locations is presented that helps narrow the differential diagnosis.

Subependymomas: an analysis of clinical and imaging features.

Objective: Subependymomas are slow-growing, benign tumors usually found incidentally in the fourth ventricle at autopsy. They are typically associated with the ventricular system and become apparent clinically only when symptoms of hydrocephalus or mass effect develop. We review clinical, histological, and contemporary radiographic presentations of 16 subependymomas, including 2 intraparenchymal tumors.

Rathke cleft cyst intracystic nodule: a characteristic magnetic resonance imaging finding.

Object: The fluid content of Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) displays variable appearances on magnetic resonance (MR) images and can appear indistinguishable from other intrasellar or suprasellar cystic lesions. Intracystic nodules associated with individual RCCs have been noted, but to date their significance has not been fully explored.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed MR imaging studies obtained in patients harboring intrasellar or suprasellar lesions that were consistent with RCCs to identify the presence and imaging characteristics of intracystic nodules.

Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces.

Background And Purpose: The brain perivascular spaces (PVSs) are pial-lined, interstitial fluid-filled structures that accompany penetrating arteries. When enlarged, they may cause mass effect and can be mistaken for more ominous pathologic processes. The purpose of this study was to delineate the broad clinical and imaging spectrum of this unusual condition.

Surgical considerations regarding giant dilations of the perivascular spaces.

Object: Dilations of brain perivascular spaces (PVSs), also known as Virchow-Robin spaces, are routinely identified on magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brain and recognized as benign normal variants. Giant dilations occur only rarely and can be easily misdiagnosed as central nervous system tumors. The relevant surgical literature was reviewed to help establish indications for surgical intervention in these typically benign lesions.