The effect of camelina oil on vascular function in essential hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

Background: The effects of a dietary supplementation with the vegetable ω-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA) on cardiovascular homeostasis are unclear. In this context, it would be interesting to assess the effects of camelina oil.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of camelina oil in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.

The neuropeptide substance P regulates aldosterone secretion in human adrenals.

Aldosterone, produced by the adrenals and under the control of plasma angiotensin and potassium levels, regulates hydromineral homeostasis and blood pressure. Here we report that the neuropeptide substance P (SP) released by intraadrenal nerve fibres, stimulates aldosterone secretion via binding to neurokinin type 1 receptors (NK1R) expressed by aldosterone-producing adrenocortical cells. The action of SP is mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and involves upregulation of steroidogenic enzymes.

Altered bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids is associated with conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: This pathophysiological study addressed the hypothesis that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes the vasodilator and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), contributes to conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.

Methods And Results: Radial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation in response to hand skin heating was reduced in essential hypertensive patients (n = 9) and type 2 diabetic subjects with (n = 19) or without hypertension (n = 10) compared to healthy subjects (n = 36), taking into consideration cardiovascular risk factors, flow stimulus and endothelium-independent dilatation to glyceryl trinitrate. Diabetic patients but not non-diabetic hypertensive subjects displayed elevated whole blood reactive oxygen species levels and loss of NO release during heating, assessed by measuring local plasma nitrite variation.

Characterization of the EM66 Biomarker in the Pituitary and Plasma of Healthy Subjects With Different Gonadotroph Status and Patients With Gonadotroph Tumor.

Granins and their derived-peptides are useful markers of secretion from normal and tumoral neuroendocrine cells. The need to identify new diagnostic markers for neuroendocrine tumors, including pituitary tumors prompted us to determine plasma levels of the secretogranin II-derived peptide EM66 in healthy volunteers with different gonadotroph status and to evaluate its usefulness as a circulating marker for the diagnosis of gonadotroph tumor. Using a radioimmunoassay, we determined plasma EM66 concentrations in healthy men and women volunteers in different physiological conditions in relation with the gonadotroph function.

Enteral delivery of proteins enhances the expression of proteins involved in the cytoskeleton and protein biosynthesis in human duodenal mucosa.

Background: Amino acids are well known to be key effectors of gut protein turnover. We recently reported that enteral delivery of proteins markedly stimulated global duodenal protein synthesis in carbohydrate-fed healthy humans, but specifically affected proteins remain unknown.

Objective: We aimed to assess the influence of an enteral protein supply on the duodenal mucosal proteome in carbohydrate-fed humans.

Clinical relevance of 8q23, 15q13 and 18q21 SNP genotyping to evaluate colorectal cancer risk.

To determine if the at-risk single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles for colorectal cancer (CRC) could contribute to clinical situations suggestive of an increased genetic risk for CRC, we performed a prospective national case-control study based on highly selected patients (CRC in two first-degree relatives, one before 61 years of age; or CRC diagnosed before 51 years of age; or multiple primary CRCs, the first before 61 years of age; exclusion of Lynch syndrome and polyposes) and controls without personal or familial history of CRC. SNPs were genotyped using SNaPshot, and statistical analyses were performed using Pearson's χ(2) test, Cochran-Armitage test of trend and logistic regression. We included 1029 patients and 350 controls.

Enteral glutamine infusion modulates ubiquitination of heat shock proteins, Grp-75 and Apg-2, in the human duodenal mucosa.

Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the human body, plays several important roles in the intestine. Previous studies showed that glutamine may affect protein expression by regulating ubiquitin-proteasome system. We thus aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine on ubiquitinated proteins in human duodenal mucosa.

Enteral delivery of proteins stimulates protein synthesis in human duodenal mucosa in the fed state through a mammalian target of rapamycin-independent pathway.

Background: Glutamine modulates duodenal protein metabolism in fasted healthy humans, but its effects in a fed state remain unknown.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of either glutamine or an isonitrogenous protein mixture on duodenal protein metabolism in humans in the fed state.

Design: Twenty-four healthy volunteers were randomly included in 2 groups.

An enteral leucine supply modulates human duodenal mucosal proteome and decreases the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation.

Leucine is well known to regulate protein metabolism in muscle. We recently reported that enteral leucine infusion decreased proteasome activity in human duodenal mucosa and enhanced intestinal cell proliferation, but its effects on gut proteome remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of an enteral leucine infusion on the whole proteome of duodenal mucosa.

Effects of an enteral glucose supply on protein synthesis, proteolytic pathways, and proteome in human duodenal mucosa.

Background: Previous studies have shown that the glucose supply reduces postoperative insulin resistance and improves patient outcomes. However, the effects of luminal glucose on intestinal mucosal proteins remain unknown.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of an enteral glucose supply on protein synthesis, proteolytic pathways, and proteome in human duodenal mucosa.

Influence of leucine on protein metabolism, phosphokinase expression, and cell proliferation in human duodenum1,3.

Background: Although leucine increases protein anabolism through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in human muscles, its effects on intestinal mucosal proteins remain unknown.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of leucine on duodenal protein metabolism in healthy humans and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved.

Design: Eleven healthy volunteers received for 5 h, on 2 occasions and in random order, an enteral supply of maltodextrins (0.

Relationship between tumor burden and serum thyroglobulin level in patients with papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is a reliable marker for detecting recurrent and persistent disease during the follow-up of patients with papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the serum Tg level measured after thyroid hormone withdrawal and the tumor mass in thyroid cancer patients who underwent surgery with the use of an intraoperative probe for lymph node metastases with (131)I uptake. Patients were classified into one of three groups according to the Tg level: undetectable (n = 18); 1-10 ng/mL (n = 21); and greater than 10 ng/mL (n = 33).

Characteristics of follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas occurring after external radiation exposure: results of a case control study nested in a cohort.

Radiation exposure is the only well-established risk factor for follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma. To compare the clinical characteristics and outcome of thyroid carcinoma in patients with and without a history of radiation exposure, we performed a case control study nested in a cohort of 2,196 patients treated for a papillary or a follicular thyroid cancer at the Institut Gustave Roussy. The study was performed on 91 cases (71% females) and their 273 controls matched for gender, age at thyroid cancer diagnosis (+/-3 years), and period of initial thyroid cancer treatment (+/-6 years).