Growth charts for use at birth and in the neonatal period: Recommendations of the French Neonatal Society.

Introduction: The use of different growth charts can lead to confusion in discussions between professionals. There are obstetric charts (of fetal growth) and neonatal charts (of measurements at birth and of postnatal growth). These charts can be descriptive (derived from an unselected population) or prescriptive (derived from of a population at low risk and with optimal conditions for growth).

Validity of a Delphi consensus definition of growth restriction in the newborn for identifying neonatal morbidity.

Background: Small for gestational age is defined as a birthweight below a birthweight percentile threshold, usually the 10th percentile, with the third or fifth percentile used to identify severe small for gestational age. Small for gestational age is used as a proxy for growth restriction in the newborn, but small-for-gestational-age newborns can be physiologically small and healthy. In addition, this definition excludes growth-restricted newborns who have weights more than the 10th percentile.

Effect of gestational age on cerebral lesions in neonatal encephalopathy.

Objective: To determine the risk on brain lesions according to gestational age (GA) in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy.

Design: Secondary analysis of the prospective national French population-based cohort, Long-Term Outcome of NeonataL EncePhALopathy.

Setting: French neonatal intensive care units.

Identifying Newborns with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Hospital Discharge Data: A Validation Study.

Hospital discharge databases (HDDs) are increasingly used for research on health of newborns. Linkage between a French population-based cohort of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and national HDD showed that the HIE ICD-10 code was not accurately reported. Our results suggest that HDD should not be used for research on neonatal HIE without prior validation of HIE ICD-10 codes.

Which fetal growth charts should be used in France? Position of the French College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (CNGOF).

Objective: To assess which fetal growth charts best describe intrauterine growth in France defined as the ability to classify 10% of fetuses below the 10th percentile (small for gestational age [SGA]) and above the 90th percentile (large for gestational age [LGA]) in the second and third trimesters.

Methods: We analyzed five studies on fetal ultrasound measurements using three French data sources. Two studies used second and third trimester ultrasound data from a nationwide birth cohort in 2011 (the ELFE study, N = 13 197 and N = 7747); one study used third trimester ultrasound data from on a nationwide cross-sectional study (the 2016 French National Perinatal Survey, N = 9940); and the last two studies were from the "Flash study" 2014 which prospectively collected ultrasound data from routine visits in the second and third trimesters (N = 4858 and N = 3522).

Variations in neonatal mortality of preterm infants with intraparenchymal haemorrhage in Europe: the EPICE cohort.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate variations in mortality before neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge of infants born preterm with intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH) in Europe with a special interest for withdrawing life-sustaining therapy (WLST).

Design: Secondary analysis of the Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) cohort, 2011-2012.

Setting: Nineteen regions in 11 European countries.

Screening for small for gestational age infants in early vs late third-trimester ultrasonography: a randomized trial.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that a routine third-trimester ultrasound scan may improve the detection of small for gestational age infants when compared with clinically indicated ultrasound scans but with no reported reduction in severe perinatal morbidity. Establishing the optimal gestational age for the third-trimester examination necessitates evaluation of the ability to detect small for gestational age infants and to predict maternal and perinatal outcomes. Intrauterine growth restriction most often corresponds with small for gestational age infants associated with pathologic growth patterns.

Glycemia and Neonatal Encephalopathy: Outcomes in the LyTONEPAL (Long-Term Outcome of Neonatal Hypoxic EncePhALopathy in the Era of Neuroprotective Treatment With Hypothermia) Cohort.

Objectives: To assess in newborns with neonatal encephalopathy (NE), presumptively related to a peripartum hypoxic-ischemic event, the frequency of dysglycemia and its association with neonatal adverse outcomes.

Study Design: We conducted a secondary analysis of LyTONEPAL (Long-Term Outcome of Neonatal hypoxic EncePhALopathy in the era of neuroprotective treatment with hypothermia), a population-based cohort study including 545 patients with moderate-to-severe NE. Newborns were categorized by the glycemia values assessed by routine clinical care during the first 3 days of life: normoglycemic (all glycemia measurements ranged from 2.

Serial plotting of symphysis-fundal height and estimated fetal weight to improve the antenatal detection of infants small for gestational age: A cluster randomised trial.

Objective: To assess whether standardised longitudinal reporting of growth monitoring information improves antenatal detection of infants who are small for gestational age (SGA), compared with usual care.

Design: Cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Sixteen French level-3 units in 2018-2019.

Risk factors for unfavorable outcome at discharge of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the era of hypothermia.

Objective: To re-visit short-term outcomes and associated risk factors of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in an era where hypothermia treatment (HT) is widespread.

Methods: This is a prospective population-based cohort in French neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Neonates born at or after 34 weeks of gestational age with HIE were included; main outcomes were in-hospital death and discharge with abnormal or normal MRI.

Healthcare organizational factors associated with delayed therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: the LyTONEPAL cohort.

Initiation of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) within 6 h of life is a major concern for treating neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We aimed to determine clinical and healthcare organizational factors associated with delayed TH in a French population-based cohort of neonates with moderate/severe HIE. Time to reach a rectal temperature of 34 °C defines optimal and delayed (within and over 6 h, respectively) TH.

Neurodevelopment at two years and appropriate schooling at five years in children born very preterm.

Aim: This single-centre French cohort study evaluated the relationship between standardised assessment at 2 years of corrected age and schooling level at 5 years of age in children born at ≤32 weeks' gestational age.

Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study of children born preterm between 2010 and 2014 included in a follow-up network. At 5 years of age, the population was divided into 2 groups: (1) 'appropriate schooling', defined as age-appropriate schooling without support, and (2) 'schooling with support'.

World Health Organization fetal growth charts applied in a French birth cohort.

Objective: To evaluate the applicability of World Health Organization (WHO) fetal growth charts for abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) at the second and third trimester ultrasounds in a French birth cohort.

Materials And Methods: Using the ELFE cohort of live births after 33 weeks' gestation in France in 2011, we selected 7747 singletons with fetal biometric measurements at the second (20-25 weeks) and third (30-35 weeks) trimester routine ultrasounds. We calculated proportions of fetuses <3rd and <10th percentiles and >90th and >97th percentiles for AC, FL and EFW using WHO charts and two international (Intergrowth and Hadlock) and two national (Salomon and CFEF) charts.

Cerebral injuries in neonatal encephalopathy treated with hypothermia: French LyTONEPAL cohort.

Background: Hypothermia is widely used for infants with hypoxic-ischemic neonatal encephalopathy but its impact remains poorly described at a population level. We aimed to describe brain imaging in infants born at ≥36 weeks' gestation, with moderate/severe encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.

Methods: Descriptive analysis of brain MRI and discharge neurological examination for infants included in the French national multicentric prospective observational cohort LyTONEPAL.

Unisex vs sex-specific estimated fetal weight charts for fetal growth monitoring: a population-based study.

Background: In contrast with birthweight or other growth charts, a feature of most intrauterine charts is that they are not differentiated by sex. Differences in weight by sex during pregnancy are considered to be relatively minor; however, small systematic differences may affect the sensitivity and specificity of screening for fetuses with growth restriction.

Objective: To assess differences between unisex and sex-specific estimated fetal weight charts at the third-trimester ultrasound with regard to the sex ratio of fetuses detected with an estimated fetal weight <10th percentile and subsequent detection of small-for-gestational-age newborns with morbidity at birth.

Mortality and significant neurosensory impairment in preterm infants: an international comparison.

Objective: To compare mortality and rates of significant neurosensory impairment (sNSI) at 18-36 months' corrected age in infants born extremely preterm across three international cohorts.

Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected neonatal and follow-up data.

Setting: Three population-based observational cohort studies: the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN), the Canadian Neonatal and Follow-up Networks (CNN/CNFUN) and the French cohort Etude (Epidémiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels: EPIPAGE-2).

Biostatistics Disruptive Acculturation Through Serious Gaming: A New Hope.

Biostatistics is one of the transversal subjects that all future doctors must acquire and master. Nonetheless, it is a subject that has the reputation of being difficult, which has not been able to be corrected even with the application of new pedagogical methods such as blended learning. We address this problem with our acculturative and disruptive approach in the form of a serious game scenario in clinical research that integrates biostatistics with our R4Web adapted tools.

Propofol versus placebo (with rescue with ketamine) before less invasive surfactant administration: study protocol for a multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled trial (PROLISA).

Background: One major limitation for less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is the difficulty in providing sedation before this procedure and the competitive risk of respiratory depression versus avoidance of intubation for most sedative or analgesic drugs used in this context. The objective of this study is to compare the need for mechanical ventilation within 72 h of life following premedication with propofol, versus placebo (rescue with ketamine), for the LISA procedure in preterm neonates born before 32 weeks gestational age (wGA).

Methods: ProLISA is a phase III, non-inferiority, multicenter, double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial designed according to the SPIRIT Statement.

Nebulized hypertonic saline 3% for 1 versus 3 days in hospitalized bronchiolitis: a blinded non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

Background: The use and optimal duration of treatment with nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis is unclear. The objective was to compare the efficacy of 1 versus 3 days of nebulized 3% HS at 72 h of treatment. We conducted a blinded non-inferiority randomized controlled trial including infants aged less than 12 months old, hospitalized for a moderate bronchiolitis.

Early extubation is not associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. Results of an EPIPAGE-2 cohort study.

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between severe intraventricular hemorrhage and early extubation in preterm infants born before 29 weeks of gestational age and intubated at birth.

Methods: This study included 1587 preterm infants from a nationwide French population cohort (EPIPAGE-2). Secondary data on intubated preterm infants were analyzed.

Comparison of the Hadlock and INTERGROWTH formulas for calculating estimated fetal weight in a preterm population in France.

Background: Accurate estimation of fetal weight is needed for growth monitoring and decision-making in obstetrics; the INTERGROWTH project developed an estimated fetal weight formula to construct new intrauterine growth standards.

Objective: We sought to compare the accuracy of the Hadlock and INTERGROWTH formulas for the estimation of fetal weight among preterm infants.

Study Design: Using the EPIPAGE 2 population-based study of births between 22-34 weeks of gestation, we included 578 nonanomalous singleton fetuses with an ultrasound-to-delivery interval <2 days.

LyTONEPAL: long term outcome of neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy in the era of neuroprotective treatment with hypothermia: a French population-based cohort.

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a rare neonatal condition affecting about 1‰ births. Despite a significant improvement in the management of this condition in the last ten years, HIE remains associated with high rates of death and severe neurological disability. From September 2015 to March 2017, a French national cohort of HIE cases was conducted to estimate the extent of long-term moderate and severe neurodevelopmental disability at 3 years and its determinants.