Soybean genomics research community strategic plan: A vision for 2024-2028.

This strategic plan summarizes the major accomplishments achieved in the last quinquennial by the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genetics and genomics research community and outlines key priorities for the next 5 years (2024-2028).

Comparison of loci toward isolates, singly and combined inocula, of in soybean PI 407985, PI 408029, PI 408097, and PI424477.

For soybean, novel single dominant ( genes are sought to manage Phytophthora root and stem rot. In this study, resistance to was mapped individually in four recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from crosses of the susceptible cultivar Williams with PI 407985, PI 408029, PI 408097, and PI424477 previously identified as putative novel sources of disease resistance. Each population was screened for resistance with five to seven isolates of separately over multiple F-F generations.

Picarbutrazox Effectiveness Added to a Seed Treatment Mixture for Management of Oomycetes that Impact Soybean in Ohio.

None of the current oomycota fungicides are effective towards all species of , , , and that affect soybean seed and seedlings in Ohio. Picarbutrazox is a new oomyceticide with a novel mode of action towards oomycete pathogens. Our objectives were to evaluate picarbutrazox to determine (i) baseline sensitivity (EC) to 189 isolates of 29 species, (ii) the efficacy with a base seed treatment with three cultivars with different levels of resistance in 14 field environments; and (iii) if the rhizosphere microbiome was affected by the addition of the seed treatment on a moderately susceptible cultivar.

Novel inductively coupled ear-bars (ICEs) to enhance restored fMRI signal from susceptibility compensation in rats.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging faces inherent challenges when applied to deep-brain areas in rodents, e.g. entorhinal cortex, due to the signal loss near the ear cavities induced by susceptibility artifacts and reduced sensitivity induced by the long distance from the surface array coil.

Molecular mechanisms underpinning quantitative resistance to in using a systems genomics approach.

Expression of quantitative disease resistance in many host-pathogen systems is controlled by genes at multiple loci, each contributing a small effect to the overall response. We used a systems genomics approach to study the molecular underpinnings of quantitative disease resistance in the soybean- pathosystem, incorporating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping and gene co-expression network analysis to identify the genes putatively regulating transcriptional changes in response to inoculation. These findings were compared to previously mapped phenotypic (phQTL) to identify the molecular mechanisms contributing to the expression of this resistance.

Effects of Striatal Amyloidosis on the Dopaminergic System and Behavior: A Comparative Study in Male and Female 5XFAD Mice.

Background: Nearly two-thirds of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are female. In addition, female patients with AD have more significant cognitive impairment than males at the same disease stage. This disparity suggests there are sex differences in AD progression.

Female mice are protected from impaired parenchymal arteriolar TRPV4 function and impaired cognition in hypertension.

Hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease. Our laboratory has shown that endothelium-dependent dilation in cerebral parenchymal arterioles (PAs) is dependent on transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) activation, and this pathway is impaired in hypertension. This impaired dilation is associated with cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation.

Vascular and Nonvascular Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.

Aging, familial gene mutations, and genetic, environmental, and modifiable lifestyle risk factors predispose individuals to cognitive impairment or dementia by influencing the efficacy of multiple, often interdependent cellular and molecular homeostatic pathways mediating neuronal, glial, and vascular integrity and, ultimately, cognitive status. This review summarizes data from foundational and recent breakthrough studies to highlight common and differential vascular and nonvascular pathogenic mechanisms underlying the progression of Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies.

A cowpea severe mosaic virus-based vector simplifies virus-induced gene silencing and foreign protein expression in soybean.

Background: Soybean gene functions cannot be easily interrogated through transgenic disruption (knock-out) of genes-of-interest, or transgenic overexpression of proteins-of-interest, because soybean transformation is time-consuming and technically challenging. An attractive alternative is to administer transient gene silencing or overexpression with a plant virus-based vector. However, existing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and/or overexpression vectors suitable for soybean have various drawbacks that hinder their widespread adoption.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism improves transient receptor potential vanilloid 4-dependent dilation of cerebral parenchymal arterioles and cognition in a genetic model of hypertension.

Objective: In a model of secondary hypertension, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism during the development of hypertension prevents the impairment of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) activation in parenchymal arterioles (PAs) and cognitive impairment. However, it is unknown whether MR antagonism can improve these impairments when treatment begins after the onset of essential hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that MR activation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) leads to impaired TRPV4-mediated dilation in PAs that is associated with cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation.

Interactions Among , , and Soybean Genotype.

, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), and fungal pathogen are economically important soybean pathogens that may coinfest fields. Resistance remains the most effective management tactic for SCN, and the resistance allele derived from plant introduction 88788 is most commonly deployed in the northern United States. The concomitant effects of SCN and on soybean performance, as well as the effect of the allele in two different genetic backgrounds, were evaluated in three environments (during 2013 to 2015) and a greenhouse bioassay.

Identification of Candidate Genes for a Major Quantitative Disease Resistance Locus From Soybean PI 427105B for Resistance to .

Phytophthora root and stem rot is a yield-limiting soybean disease caused by the soil-borne oomycete . Although multiple quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRL) have been identified, most explain <10% of the phenotypic variation (PV). The major QDRL explaining up to 45% of the PV previously identified on chromosome 18 and represent a valuable source of resistance for soybean breeding programs.

Endothelial Cells and the Cerebral Circulation.

Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of all blood vessels and are the only vascular component that remains throughout all vascular segments. The cerebral vasculature has several unique properties not found in the peripheral circulation; this requires that the cerebral endothelium be considered as a unique entity. Cerebral endothelial cells perform several functions vital for brain health.

Giant Starship Elements Mobilize Accessory Genes in Fungal Genomes.

Accessory genes are variably present among members of a species and are a reservoir of adaptive functions. In bacteria, differences in gene distributions among individuals largely result from mobile elements that acquire and disperse accessory genes as cargo. In contrast, the impact of cargo-carrying elements on eukaryotic evolution remains largely unknown.

Oxathiapiprolin Alone or Mixed with Metalaxyl Seed Treatment for Management of Soybean Seedling Diseases Caused by Species of , , and .

Species of , , and affect soybean seed and seedlings each year, primarily through reduced plant populations and yield. Oxathiapiprolin is effective at managing several foliar diseases caused by some oomycetes. The objectives of these studies were to evaluate oxathiapiprolin in a discriminatory dose assay in vitro; evaluate oxathiapiprolin as a soybean seed treatment on a moderately susceptible cultivar in 10 environments; compare the impact of seed treatment on plant populations and yields in environments with low and high precipitation; and compare a seed treatment mixture on cultivars with different levels of resistance in four environments.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in male rats results in sustained HPA activation and hyperinsulinemia.

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a spectrum of cognitive deficits caused by cerebrovascular disease, for which insulin resistance is a major risk factor. A major cause of VCID is chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Under stress, sustained hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activation can result in insulin resistance.

Clopidogrel treatment inhibits P2Y-Mediated constriction in the rabbit middle cerebral artery.

Clopidogrel is an effective purinergic 2Y receptor (P2Y) antagonist used to prevent arterial thrombosis, but its use is associated with adverse bleeding. Clinical studies have demonstrated that clopidogrel users have an increased risk of cerebral microbleeds and intracerebral hemorrhage. Our previous studies suggest that non-platelet mechanisms mediate these adverse bleeding events; we hypothesize that clopidogrel or one of its metabolites interacts with blood vessels directly to cause bleeding.

Pathotype Complexity and Genetic Characterization of Populations in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio.

, the causal agent of Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean, has been managed with single genes since the 1960s but has subsequently adapted to many of these resistance genes, rendering them ineffective. The objective of this study was to examine the pathotype and genetic diversity of from soil samples across Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio by assessing which genes were still effective and identifying possible population clusters. There were 218 pathotypes identified from 473 isolates with an average of 6.

Activation of ventral tegmental area neurotensin Receptor-1 neurons promotes weight loss.

Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) modulate physical activity and feeding behaviors that are disrupted in obesity. Yet, the heterogeneity of VTA DA neurons has hindered determination of which ones might be leveraged to support weight loss. We hypothesized that increased activity in the subset of VTA DA neurons expressing neurotensin receptor-1 (NtsR1) might promote weight loss behaviors.

Identification of Quantitative Disease Resistance Loci Toward Four Species in Soybean.

In this study, four recombinant inbred line (RIL) soybean populations were screened for their response to infection by , , , and The parents, PI 424237A, PI 424237B, PI 408097, and PI 408029, had higher levels of resistance to these species in a preliminary screening and were crossed with "Williams," a susceptible cultivar. A modified seed rot assay was used to evaluate RIL populations for their response to specific species selected for a particular population based on preliminary screenings. Over 2500 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to construct chromosomal maps to identify regions associated with resistance to species.

Mining germplasm panels and phenotypic datasets to identify loci for resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean.

Phytophthora sojae causes Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean and has been primarily managed through deployment of qualitative Resistance to P. sojae genes (Rps genes). The effectiveness of each individual or combination of Rps gene(s) depends on the diversity and pathotypes of the P.

Testing methods and statistical models of genomic prediction for quantitative disease resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] germplasm collections.

Genomic prediction of quantitative resistance toward Phytophthora sojae indicated that genomic selection may increase breeding efficiency. Statistical model and marker set had minimal effect on genomic prediction with > 1000 markers. Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) toward Phytophthora sojae in soybean is a complex trait controlled by many small-effect loci throughout the genome.