Substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic among persons with traumatic spinal cord injury: A cross-sectional perspective.

Study Design: Analysis of data from two cohorts of Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Database (SCIMS) participants, pre-pandemic (2017-2019,  = 6368) and during pandemic (2020,  = 1889).

Objectives: To examine differences in substance use during the pandemic compared to the years prior to the pandemic.

Setting: 19 SCIMS Centers.

Methods for Estimating Costs for Stays at Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities and Long-Term Care Hospitals.

Objective: To describe and compare 3 methods for estimating stay-level Medicare facility (Part A) costs using claims and cost report data for inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) and long-term care hospitals (LTCHs), the 2 hospital-based postacute care providers.

Design: We calculated stay-level facility costs using different methods. Method 1 used routine costs per day and ancillary cost-to-charge ratios.

Cross-setting Comparison of Risk Factors for Pressure Injuries Acquired in Post-Acute Care.

General Purpose: To provide information on the association between risk factors and the development of new or worsened stage 2 to 4 pressure injuries (PIs) in patients in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs), inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

Target Audience: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

Learning Objectives/outcomes: After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:1.

Do Medicare Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patients' Self-Care and Mobility Outcomes Vary by Dual Eligibility Status, Race and Ethnicity, Rural Residence, Socioeconomic Status, and Living Alone?

Objective: To examine whether inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) patients' risk-adjusted functional outcomes varied with five social drivers of health: Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility status, race and ethnicity, rural residence, socioeconomic status (SES), and living alone.

Design: This cohort study examined unadjusted and adjusted mobility and self-care change scores during IRF stays for 428,710 Medicare patients with and without social drivers of health. Regression models isolated the mean marginal effect of each of the five social factors on mobility and self-care change scores after adjusting for covariates.

Near real-time patient experience feedback with data relay to providers: a systematic review of its effectiveness.

Near Real-Time Feedback (NRTF) on the patient's experience with care, coupled with data relay to providers, can inform quality-of-care improvements, including at the point of care. The objective is to systematically review contemporary literature on the impact of the use of NRTF and data relay to providers on standardized patient experience measures. Six scientific databases and five specialty journals were searched supplemented by snowballing search strategies, according to the registered study protocol.

Forecasting the Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke in the United States Through 2050: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association.

Background: Quantifying the economic burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke over the coming decades may inform policy, health system, and community-level interventions for prevention and treatment.

Methods: We used nationally representative health, economic, and demographic data to project health care costs attributable to key cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia) and conditions (coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation) through 2050. The human capital approach was used to estimate productivity losses from morbidity and premature mortality due to cardiovascular conditions.

Systematic review of contemporary interventions for improving discharge support and transitions of care from the patient experience perspective.

Aim: To synthesize the impact of improvement interventions related to care coordination, discharge support and care transitions on patient experience measures.

Method: Systematic review. Searches were completed in six scientific databases, five specialty journals, and through snowballing.

Trends in the characteristics and outcomes of older patients with non-traumatic spinal cord injury treated in inpatient rehabilitation facilities: 2013-2018.

Objective: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of older (≥ 65 years of age) patients with a non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) treated in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) between 2013 and 2018.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: IRFs in the United States.

Trends in the Characteristics and Outcomes of Older Medicare Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury Treated in Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities: 2013 to 2018.

Objective: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of older (65+) Medicare beneficiaries with traumatic brain injury (TBI) treated in inpatient rehabilitation facilities between 2013 and 2018.

Design: Descriptive study using IRF Patient Assessment Instrument (IRF-PAI) data reporting trends of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of inpatient rehabilitation facilities Medicare patients with TBI.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation facilities in the United States.

Reliability and Validity of the Minimum Data Set 3.0 Standardized Self-Care and Mobility Data Elements Among Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents.

Purpose: To assess the reliability and validity of a subset of the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 Section GG data elements (i.e.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Medicare Patients Treated in Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities: 2013-2018.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of Medicare patients treated in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) in 2013 through 2018.

Design: A descriptive study was conducted.

Methods: A total of 2,907,046 IRF Medicare fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage patient stays that ended in 2013 through 2018 were analyzed.

Reliability and Validity of the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Discharge Mobility and Self-Care Quality Measures.

Objective: To describe the reliability and validity of the publicly reported facility-level quality measures Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility (IRF) Discharge Mobility Score for Medical Rehabilitation Patients ("Discharge mobility score") and IRF Discharge Self-Care Score for Medical Rehabilitation Patients ("Discharge self-care score").

Design: Observational study using standardized patient assessment data to examine facility-level split-half reliability and construct validity of quality measure scores.

Setting And Participants: All IRFs (n = 1117) in the United States with at least 20 Medicare stays.

Cross-setting Comparison of Risk Factors for Pressure Injuries Acquired in Post-Acute Care.

General Purpose: To provide information on the association between risk factors and the development of new or worsened stage 2 to 4 pressure injuries (PIs) in patients in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs), inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

Target Audience: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

Learning Objectives/outcomes: After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:1.

Validation of the Standardized Function Data Elements among Medicare Skilled Nursing Facility Residents.

Objective: To examine the distribution of admission and discharge functional abilities among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with a skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay. Further, to assess the validity of the standardized discharge self-care and mobility data by examining their association to community discharge.

Design: Observational study of SNF Medicare fee-for-service residents' self-care and mobility scores at admission and discharge.

Quality Measure Concepts for Inpatient Rehabilitation That Are Best Understood From the Patient's Perspective.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify inpatient rehabilitation quality-of-care concepts that are best understood from the patient perspective.

Design: We conducted 12 focus groups with 95 former patients, caregivers, and rehabilitation clinicians and asked them to describe high-quality inpatient rehabilitation care.

Methods: We independently reviewed the focus group transcripts and then used an iterative process to identify the quality measure concepts identified by participants.

Change in Self-Care Quality Measure for Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities: Exclusion Criteria and Risk-Adjustment Model.

Objective: To describe the exclusion criteria and risk-adjustment model developed for the quality measure Change in Self-Care. The exclusion criteria and risk adjustment model are used to calculate Change in Self-Care scores, allowing scores to be compared across inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs).

Design: This national cohort study examined admission demographic and clinical factors associated with IRF patients' self-care change scores using standardized self-care data for Medicare patients discharged in calendar year 2017.

Change in Mobility Quality Measure for Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities: Exclusion Criteria and the Risk Adjustment Model.

Objective: To describe the exclusion criteria and updated risk adjustment model developed for the Change in Mobility quality measure in the inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) quality reporting program. Facility-level quality measures focused on patient outcomes usually require risk adjustment to account for varied admission characteristics of patients across facilities.

Design: This cohort study analyzed admission demographic and clinical factors associated with mobility change scores using the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument (IRF-PAI) data for Medicare patients discharged from IRFs in calendar year 2017.

Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patients' Functional Abilities and Validity Testing of the Standardized Self-Care and Mobility Data Elements.

Objective: To describe the abilities of Medicare patients in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) at admission and discharge using the standardized self-care and mobility data elements and examine the validity of the data elements. These data are used in the Center for Medicare & Medicaid's IRF payment and quality reporting programs.

Design: Descriptive study reporting IRF patients' self-care and mobility scores.

A Postacute Care Function Process Quality Measure for the Collection of Standardized Self-Care and Mobility Data: Development, Implementation, and Quality Measure Scores.

Objective: To describe the development of and quality measure scores for the cross-setting postacute care function process quality measure that requires the collection of standardized self-care and mobility data at admission and discharge and at least 1 function goal.

Design: Description of the development and implementation of the quality measure and the associated standardized self-care and mobility data elements. Descriptive analyses of quality measure scores for the first calendar year using data from the Minimum Data Set, the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument, the Long-Term Care Hospitals (LTCH) Continuity Assessment Record and Evaluation Data Set, and Outcome and Assessment Information Set.

Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Change in Self-Care and Change in Mobility Quality Measures: Development and Reliability and Validity Testing.

Objective: To describe the development, implementation and reliability and validity testing of the inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) Change in Self-Care and Change in Mobility quality measures.

Design: We describe the activities involved in developing and implementing the 2 facility-level quality measures, including public comment opportunities. We examined facility-level reliability using split-half testing and Pearson product-moment correlations, Spearman rank correlations, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Rehabilitation Length of Stay, Body Mass Index, and Functional Improvement Among Adults With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Objective: To examine the modifying effect of body mass index (BMI) on the association between rehabilitation length of stay (LOS), severity of injury, and motor FIM (mFIM) improvement in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Seventeen SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) centers in the United States.

A comparative approach to quantifying provision of acute therapy services.

This study aims to compare delivery of acute rehabilitation therapy using metrics reflecting distinct aspects of rehabilitation therapy services. Seven general medical-surgical hospitals in Illinois and Indiana prospectively collected rehabilitation therapy data. De-identified data on all patients who received any type of acute rehabilitation therapy (n = 35,449) were extracted and reported as aggregate of minutes of therapy services per discipline.