Variation in the formation of the retromandibular and the external jugular veins with embryological overview: A case report.

Awareness of the formation and termination of the head & neck's superficial vein, such as jugular veins, are imperative for anatomists, surgeons, and radiologists during interventional procedures. We report an uncommon variation in the formation of the retromandibular vein and external jugular vein (EJV) in an embalmed male cadaver's right side. The joining of the facial vein and superficial temporal vein within the parotid gland formed the retromandibular vein (RMV).

Influence of pretesting and a near peer sharing real life experiences on CPR training outcomes in first year medical students: a non-randomized quasi-experimental study.

Background: Existing literature on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training focuses on the knowledge and skill components while the attitudinal component is rarely addressed. There is a need to explore how peer interaction, learning atmosphere, and communication influence learning effectiveness during CPR training. Therefore, this study's objective was to evaluate how a senior student (near peer) sharing their real-life experience of performing CPR would influence medical students' learning and readiness to perform CPR.

Diversity in approach to teaching and assessing ethics education for medical undergraduates: A scoping review.

There are diverse methods to teach medical ethics, and there is no single accepted approach towards its learning and assessment. The authors aim to explore the various strategies practised to teach undergraduate medical students the fundamentals of medical ethics and their evaluation. The authors reviewed the articles published from January 2014 to September 2019.

Cadaver as a first teacher: A module to learn the ethics and values of cadaveric dissection.

Objectives: The undergraduate medical students must be made aware of the ethical and humanistic values of cadaveric dissection. This study therefore designed, implemented, and evaluated the impact of the module 'Cadaver as a Teacher' (CrAFT) that examines the ethical values of cadaveric dissection.

Methods: This prospective, multimethod study involved 447 first-year undergraduate medical students who had participated in all three sessions of the CrAFT module.

Development of the Gall Bladder, and Caudate and Quadrate Lobes of the Liver: A Fetal Morphometric Study.

Introduction: The gall bladder (GB) is a storage reservoir that allows bile acids to be delivered in a high concentration. The quadrate (QL) and caudate lobes (CL) are functional parts of the liver. The knowledge of the gross and developmental anatomy of GB and CL and QL of liver is important for surgeons who operate in this region.

Histological and biochemical study of the superficial abdominal fascia and its implication in obesity.

The advancement of liposculpturing and fascial flaps in reconstructive surgery has renewed interest in the superficial fascia of abdomen. Its histological and biochemical composition may play a vital role in maintaining strength and elasticity of the fascia. Hence, study of abdominal fascia for the elastic, collagen, and hydroxyproline contents is desirable to understand asymmetrical bulges and skin folds and in improving surgical treatment of obesity.

A Study of Physicochemical Properties of Subcutaneous Fat of the Abdomen and its Implication in Abdominal Obesity.

Introduction: The lower abdominal obesity is more resistant to absorption as compared to that of upper abdomen. Differences in the physicochemical properties of the subcutaneous fat of the upper and lower abdomen may be responsible for this variation. There is paucity of the scientific literature on the physicochemical properties of the subcutaneous fat of abdomen.

Morphometric Study of Anterior Clinoid Process and Optic Strut and the Ossification of Carotico-Clinoid Ligament with their Clinical Importance.

Introduction: Knowledge about the ossification of the Carotico-Clinoid Foramen (CCF), as it forms a potential site for compression of the internal carotid artery may be beneficial for neurosurgeons and radiologists.

Aim: To obtain a detailed knowledge of morphometry of Anterior Clinoid Process (ACP) and Optic Strot (OS) and the type of ossification of CCF which would be necessary to increase the success of surgeries related to the cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery.

Materials And Methods: Parameters such as the length of ACP from its base to the tip, the width at its base and the distance between the tip of ACP to optic strut were measured in mm using digital calipers.

Cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay of peripheral lymphocytes revealing the genotoxic effect of formaldehyde exposure.

Formaldehyde (FA), which is said to be a carcinogenic agent, is commonly used in anatomy laboratories. This study used the cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN) to assess DNA damage due to FA exposure by measuring the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in lymphocytes. The extent of DNA damage was assessed with respect to the duration of exposure.