Household, dietary, and clinical characteristics of childhood caries and overweight progression-A prospective cohort study.

Background: Childhood caries and obesity are complex chronic diseases with negative health outcomes.

Aim: This study sought a risk profile for childhood caries and overweight.

Design: Children were recruited into a longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Functional profiles of coronal and dentin caries in children.

: Dental caries results from a dysbiosis of tooth-associated biofilms and frequently extends through enamel into dentin which has a different structure and composition. : To evaluate the metatranscriptome of caries to determine the metabolic potential of caries communities compared with health. : Samples from children, caries-free (CF:  = 4) or with coronal (CC:  = 5) or dentin (DC:  = 5) caries were examined for gene expression potential.

Understanding Caries From the Oral Microbiome Perspective.

Dental caries is a major disease of the oral cavity with profound clinical significance. Caries results from a transition of a healthy oral microbiome into an acidogenic community of decreased microbial diversity in response to excessive dietary sugar intake. Microbiological cultivation, molecular identification, gene expression and metabolomic analyses show the importance of the entire microbial community in understanding the role of the microbiome in the pathology of caries.

Antimicrobial peptides in saliva of children with severe early childhood caries.

Objective: Controversies exist regarding the relationship between the concentrations of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and presence of dental caries in children. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine levels of AMPs in saliva of caries-free (CF), early childhood caries (ECC) and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) children to determine if the levels of these salivary peptides individually or in combinations were related to caries severity and mutans streptococci levels.

Design: 36 to 60 month-old children were selected to participate in this study.

Anaerobic culture to detect periodontal and caries pathogens.

Background: Anaerobic culture has been critical in our understanding of the oral microbiotas.

Highlight: Studies in advanced periodontitis in the 1970's revealed microbial complexes that associated with different clinical presentations. Taxonomy studies identified species newly-observed in periodontitis as and other species, and Anaerobic culture of initial periodontitis showed overlap in the microbiota with gingivitis, and added and as putative periodontal pathogens.

Pulp and plaque microbiotas of children with severe early childhood caries.

Background And Objective: Bacterial invasion into pulps of primary teeth can lead to infection and premature tooth loss in children. This pilot study aimed to explore whether the microbiota of carious exposures of dental pulps resembles that of carious dentin or that of infected root canals.

Design: Children with severe early childhood caries were studied.

Rapid and sensitive PCR-dipstick DNA chromatography for multiplex analysis of the oral microbiota.

A complex of species has been associated with dental caries under the ecological hypothesis. This study aimed to develop a rapid, sensitive PCR-dipstick DNA chromatography assay that could be read by eye for multiplex and semiquantitative analysis of plaque bacteria. Parallel oligonucleotides were immobilized on a dipstick strip for multiplex analysis of target DNA sequences of the caries-associated bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Scardovia wiggsiae, Actinomyces species, and Veillonella parvula.

Characterization and in vitro properties of oral lactobacilli in breastfed infants.

Background: Lactobacillus species can contribute positively to general and oral health and are frequently acquired by breastfeeding in infancy. The present study aimed to identify oral lactobacilli in breast and formula-fed 4 month-old infants and to evaluate potential probiotic properties of the dominant Lactobacillus species detected. Saliva and oral swab samples were collected from 133 infants who were enrolled in a longitudinal study (n=240) examining the effect of a new infant formula on child growth and development.

Oral microbial profile discriminates breast-fed from formula-fed infants.

Objectives: Little is known about the effect of diet on the oral microbiota of infants, although diet is known to affect the gut microbiota. The aims of the present study were to compare the oral microbiota in breast-fed and formula-fed infants, and investigate growth inhibition of streptococci by infant-isolated lactobacilli.

Methods: A total of 207 mothers consented to participation of their 3-month-old infants.

Aciduric microbiota and mutans streptococci in severe and recurrent severe early childhood caries.

Purpose: Severe early childhood caries (ECC) results from bacterial acid production in an acidic environment. The purpose of this study was to determine Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and acid-tolerant counts in severe early childhood caries.

Methods: Two- to 6-year-olds with severe-ECC (N=77) or who were caries-free (N=40) were examined.

Inflammation and genetic risk indicators for early periodontitis in adults.

Background: This report is a further analysis of a study designed to determine clinical and microbial risk indicators for progressing periodontitis.

Methods: One hundred ninety subjects who were periodontally healthy or had early signs of periodontitis (age range: 20 to 40 years) were monitored clinically at 6-month intervals followed by supragingival cleaning. At each visit, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood were collected for determination of interleukin (IL)-1β content (in GCF) and IL-1 genotype (in blood).

The human oral microbiome.

The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats, including the teeth, gingival sulcus, tongue, cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tonsils, which are colonized by bacteria. The oral microbiome is comprised of over 600 prevalent taxa at the species level, with distinct subsets predominating at different habitats. The oral microbiome has been extensively characterized by cultivation and culture-independent molecular methods such as 16S rRNA cloning.

Nanoparticle-based endodontic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

Objective: To study the in vitro effects of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) and light against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212).

Materials And Methods: The uptake and distribution of nanoparticles in E. faecalis in suspension was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after incubation with PLGA complexed with colloidal gold particles for 2.

Oral microbiota of children in a school-based dental clinic.

Objectives: Dental caries disproportionately affects disadvantaged subjects. This study hypothesized that there were greater caries extent and higher levels of caries-associated and anaerobic subgingival bacterial species in oral samples of Hispanic and immigrant children compared with non-Hispanic and US born children.

Methods: Children from a school-based dental clinic serving a community with a large Hispanic component were examined, and the extent of caries was recorded.

Photodynamic treatment of endodontic polymicrobial infection in vitro.

We investigated the photodynamic effects of methylene blue on multispecies root canal biofilms comprising Actinomyces israelii, Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia in experimentally infected root canals of extracted human teeth in vitro. The 4 test microorganisms were detected in root canals by using DNA probes. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of biofilms in root canals before therapy.

Clinical characteristics and microbiota of progressing slight chronic periodontitis in adults.

Aim: This study sought clinical and microbial risk indicators for progressing slight periodontitis.

Material And Methods: One hundred and seventeen periodontally healthy or slight periodontitis adults (20-40 years) were monitored clinically at 6-month intervals followed by supragingival cleaning. Inter-proximal sites with >1.

Clinical and other risk indicators for early periodontitis in adults.

Background: Periodontal diseases affect over half the adults in the U.S., disproportionately affecting minority populations.