The Veterinary Student Survey on Patient Safety Culture (VSSPSC): A Quantitative and Qualitative Exploration of American Veterinary Students' Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture.

Patient safety culture (PSC) is a multidimensional construct that reflects the way healthcare organizations promote safe patient care. Veterinary students are explicitly and implicitly indoctrinated into organizational cultures and will carry these attitudes and behaviors into their future work. In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a PSC survey among veterinary students in the United States and investigated their attitudes toward PSC.

Training flexible spatial-cognitive estimation strategies using augmented reality.

We investigated the potential for augmented reality (AR) as a training aid for spatial estimation skills. Though there are many tools to support spatial judgments, from measuring cups to rulers, not much is known about training spatial skills for retention and transfer. Display of AR was manipulated to train the spatial skill of portion estimation.

The Relevance of Attention Control, Not Working Memory, in Human Factors.

Objective: Discuss the human factors relevance of attention control (AC), a domain-general ability to regulate information processing functions in the service of goal-directed behavior.

Background: Working memory (WM) measures appear as predictors in various applied psychology studies. However, measures of WM reflect a mixture of memory storage and controlled attention making it difficult to interpret the meaning of significant WM-task relations for human factors.

Division 21 has been devoted to human-centered design since the 1950s: Comment on Lyon, Brewer, and Areán (2020).

In the article, "Leveraging Human-Centered Design to Implement Modern Psychological Science," Lyon et al. (2020) presented a case for human-centered design without noting that this has been the focus of Division 21, Applied Experimental and Engineering Psychology, since its founding in 1957. Once acquainted with the work and expertise of Division 21 members, APA members will find the division is devoted to applications of psychological science in all areas of human-centered design and, with its collaborative and interdisciplinary focus, a force to reduce siloing in psychology.

Using Variable Priority Training to Examine Video Game-Related Gains in Cognition.

Objectives: Identify mechanisms associated with video-game-related gains in cognitive functioning.

Method: Seventy-nine older adults (Mean age = 72.72, = 7.

Evaluating Medical Devices Remotely: Current Methods and Potential Innovations.

Objective: We present examples of laboratory and remote studies, with a focus on studies appropriate for medical device design and evaluation. From this review and description of extant options for remote testing, we provide methods and tools to achieve research goals remotely.

Background: The FDA mandates human factors evaluation of medical devices.

A Fundamental Cognitive Taxonomy for Cognition Aids.

Objective: This study aimed to organize the literature on cognitive aids to allow comparison of findings across studies and link the applied work of aid development to psychological constructs and theories of cognition.

Background: Numerous taxonomies have been developed, all of which label cognitive aids via their surface characteristics. This complicates integration of the literature, as a type of aid, such as a checklist, can provide many different forms of support (cf.

Looking for Age Differences in Self-Driving Vehicles: Examining the Effects of Automation Reliability, Driving Risk, and Physical Impairment on Trust.

Purpose: Self-driving cars are an extremely high level of autonomous technology and represent a promising technology that may help older adults safely maintain independence. However, human behavior with automation is complex and not straightforward (Parasuraman and Riley, 1997; Parasuraman, 2000; Rovira et al., 2007; Parasuraman and Wickens, 2008; Parasuraman and Manzey, 2010; Parasuraman et al.

The effect of individual differences in working memory in older adults on performance with different degrees of automated technology.

A leading hypothesis to explain older adults' overdependence on automation is age-related declines in working memory. However, it has not been empirically examined. The purpose of the current experiment was to examine how working memory affected performance with different degrees of automation in older adults.

Older adults' self-reported barriers to adherence to dietary guidelines and strategies to overcome them.

Once an older adult develops type 2 diabetes, they often need to change their diet as part of the treatment. We report differences in dietary barriers and strategies to overcome them in 17 older adults without type 2. Data were gathered through 24-hour diet recalls, collected barriers and strategies in changing diet, and the health locus of control scales.

A multi-level analysis of the effects of age and gender stereotypes on trust in anthropomorphic technology by younger and older adults.

Unlabelled: Previous research has shown that gender stereotypes, elicited by the appearance of the anthropomorphic technology, can alter perceptions of system reliability. The current study examined whether stereotypes about the perceived age and gender of anthropomorphic technology interacted with reliability to affect trust in such technology. Participants included a cross-section of younger and older adults.

Effects of knowledge and internal locus of control in groups of health care workers judging likelihood of pathogen transfer.

Objective: A study was conducted to measure the effects of attitudes and beliefs on the risk judgments of health care workers.

Background: Lack of hand hygiene compliance is a worldwide issue in health care, contributing to infections, fatalities, and increased health care costs. Human factors methods are a promising solution to the problem of compliance, although thus far, the concentration has been on process and engineering methods, such as the design of no-touch sinks.

Aging farmers are at high risk for injuries and fatalities: how human-factors research and application can help.

Agriculture is a dangerous profession with an aging population, combining age-related changes in physical and cognitive abilities with complex tasks performed under hazardous conditions. There are three general approaches to reducing injuries: designing for safety, providing positive reinforcement in prevention programs, and making safety a family affair.

Individual differences in the benefits of feedback for learning.

Objective: Research on learning from feedback has produced ambiguous guidelines for feedback design--some have advocated minimal feedback, whereas others have recommended more extensive feedback that highly supported performance. The objective of the current study was to investigate how individual differences in cognitive resources may predict feedback requirements and resolve previous conflicted findings.

Method: Cognitive resources were controlled for by comparing samples from populations with known differences, older and younger adults.

Self-reported reasons for hand hygiene in 3 groups of health care workers.

Background: The hands of health care workers continue to be the main vector for nosocomial infection in hospitals. The purpose of the current research was to capture the health beliefs and self-reported behaviors of US health care workers to better understand why workers avoid hand hygiene and what prompts them to wash.

Methods: An online survey of health care workers assessed their reasons for washing their hands, reasons for not washing, and what cues prompted the decision to wash or not wash in a variety of locations.

Individual differences in judgments of hand hygiene risk by health care workers.

Background: The hand hygiene practices of health care workers (HCWs) have long been the main vector for nosocomial infection in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to examine influences on risk judgment from the individual differences in knowledge levels and health beliefs among US HCWs.

Methods: Knowledge levels were assessed by questions taken from published questionnaires.

Using Direct and Indirect Input Devices: Attention Demands and Age-Related Differences.

Researchers have suggested that attention is a key moderating variable predicting performance with an input device [e.g., Greenstein & Arnaut, 1988] without directly assessing the attention demands of devices We hypothesized that the attentional demands of input devices would be intricately linked to whether the device matched the input requirements of the on-screen task.

Feedback Support for Training: Accounting for Learner and Task.

Years of research on feedback has not produced universal prescriptions for feedback during training. Results are split in two directions; those recommending more feedback during training and those recommending less. This has resulted in no unified theory and little understanding of other factors that might affect feedback mechanisms.

Touch a screen or turn a knob: choosing the best device for the job.

Input devices enable users to interact with systems. In two experiments, we assessed whether and how task demands and user age influenced task performance for a direct input device (touch screen) and an indirect input device (rotary encoder). In Experiment 1, 40 younger (18-28 years) and 40 middle-aged to older adults (51-65 years) performed tasks using controls such as sliders, up/down buttons, list boxes, and text boxes while using a system.

Age-related glucometer design and selection: tools and principles for optimal solutions.

Special attention must be given to glucometer design, selection, and training for older adults with diabetes. The field of human factors provides insight into the special needs of older adults along with principles of design and instruction to apply to current and future glucometer systems. Necessary tools for designers and physicians include person analysis, user testing, and adherence to best practice guidelines.